Influencia de la extensión isométrica de cadera sobre la actividad electromiográfica del trapecio inferior contralateral durante la retracción escapular

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.119051

Palabras clave:

Fuerza, Electromiografía, Trapecio inferior, Miembro inferior, Transmisión miofascial de fuerza

Resumen

Introducción: Los modelos tradicionales describen la transmisión de fuerza como una vía miotendinosa desde el músculo hacia el hueso; sin embargo, existe evidencia creciente que respalda la transmisión miofascial de fuerza hacia estructuras adyacentes, incluyendo a través de la fascia toracolumbar (FTL). La influencia de la activación del miembro inferior aún no está claramente establecida.

Objetivo: Investigar la influencia del esfuerzo isométrico de los extensores de cadera sobre la actividad electromiográfica (EMG) bilateral del trapecio inferior (TI) durante la retracción escapular y en posición neutra del hombro.

Métodos: Quince participantes masculinos sanos fueron evaluados en cuatro condiciones aleatorizadas: NPWA (posición neutra sin acción del miembro inferior), NPEA (posición neutra con acción del miembro inferior), RPWA (retracción escapular sin acción del miembro inferior) y RPEA (retracción escapular con acción del miembro inferior). Se registró la EMG de superficie del TI izquierdo y derecho, normalizada respecto a la contracción isométrica voluntaria máxima, y se analizaron los valores máximos de la raíz cuadrática media (RMS). Se aplicó un ANOVA de medidas repetidas y pruebas post-hoc de Bonferroni.

Resultados: La actividad del TI izquierdo fue significativamente menor en RPEA en comparación con RPWA (Δ = -12,97%, p = 0,034). La actividad del TI derecho también disminuyó en RPEA (Δ = -9,40%), aunque sin alcanzar significación estadística (p = 0,078). No se encontraron diferencias entre NPWA y NPEA. Ambas condiciones de retracción (RPWA, RPEA) mostraron una activación del TI significativamente mayor que las condiciones neutras (p < 0,01).

Conclusión: El esfuerzo isométrico del miembro inferior redujo la activación contralateral del TI durante la retracción escapular, lo que sugiere una posible modulación miofascial contralateral a través de la fascia toracolumbar.

Referencias

Ajimsha, M. S., Shenoy, P. D., Surendran, P. J., Jacob, P., & Bilal, M. J. (2022). Evidence of in-vivo myofas-cial force transfer in humans- a systematic scoping review. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 32, 183-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.05.006

Arlotta, M., LoVasco, G., & McLean, L. (2011). Selective recruitment of the lower fibers of the trapezius muscle. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 21(3), 403-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.11.006

Barker, P. J., Briggs, C. A., & Bogeski, G. (2004). Tensile transmission across the lumbar fasciae in unem-balmed cadavers: Effects of tension to various muscular attachments. Spine, 29(2), 129-138. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BRS.0000107005.62513.32

Beardsley, C., & Škarabot, J. (2015). Effects of self-myofascial release: A systematic review. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 19(4), 747-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.08.007

Bernabei, M., Maas, H., & van Dieën, J. H. (2016). A lumped stiffness model of intermuscular and extra-muscular myofascial pathways of force transmission. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mecha-nobiology, 15(6), 1747-1763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-016-0795-0

Bressel, M. E., Bressel, E., & Heise, G. D. (2001). Lower trapezius activity during supported and unsup-ported scapular retraction exercise. Physical Therapy in Sport, 2(4), 178-185. https://doi.org/10.1054/PTSP.2001.0063

Carvalhais, V. O. do C., Ocarino, J. de M., Araújo, V. L., Souza, T. R., Silva, P. L. P., & Fonseca, S. T. (2013). Myofascial force transmission between the latissimus dorsi and gluteus maximus muscles: An in vivo experiment. Journal of Biomechanics, 46(5), 1003-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.11.044

Cruz-Montecinos, C., Blanche, A. G., Sánchez, D. L., Cerda, M., Sanzana-Cuche, R., & Cuesta-Vargas, A. (2015). In vivo relationship between pelvis motion and deep fascia displacement of the medial gastrocnemius: Anatomical and functional implications. Journal of Anatomy, 227(5), 665-672. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12370

Diederichsen, L. P., Nørregaard, J., Dyhre-Poulsen, P., Winther, A., Tufekovic, G., Bandholm, T., Rasmus-sen, L. R., & Krogsgaard, M. (2009). The activity pattern of shoulder muscles in subjects with and without subacromial impingement. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 19(5), 789-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.08.006

Gajardo Contreras, C. H., Caballero Moyano, P. M., Caparrós Manosalva, C. A., Espinoza Araneda, J. A., & Soto Abarca, E. J. (2021). Comportamiento de la arquitectura y flexibilidad muscular con el uso de kinesiotape en músculos gastrocnemios acortados en sujetos jóvenes: Ensayo clínico ran-domizado (Behavior of muscle architecture and flexibility with the use of kinesiotape in shor-ten. Retos, 40, 344-350. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v1i40.77751

Herbert, R. D., Hoang, P. D., & Gandevia, S. C. (2008). Are muscles mechanically independent? Journal of Applied Physiology, 104(6), 1549-1550. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90511.2008

Huijing, P. A. (2009). Epimuscular myofascial force transmission: A historical review and implications for new research. International society of biomechanics Muybridge award lecture, Taipei, 2007. Journal of Biomechanics, 42(1), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.09.027

Huijing, P. A., Yaman, A., Ozturk, C., & Yucesoy, C. A. (2011). Effects of knee joint angle on global and local strains within human triceps surae muscle: MRI analysis indicating in vivo myofascial force transmission between synergistic muscles. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 33(10), 869-879. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-011-0863-1

Jafari, B., Minoojejad, H., Sheikhhoseini, R., & Rajabi, R. (2025). Effect of remote myofascial intervention on musculoskeletal health and functional performance: A systematic review. Advances in Re-habilitation, 39(2), 77-93. https://doi.org/10.5114/areh.2025.149605

Jiroumaru, T., Kurihara, T., & Isaka, T. (2014). Measurement of muscle length-related electromyogra-phy activity of the hip flexor muscles to determine individual muscle contributions to the hip flexion torque. SpringerPlus, 3, 624. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-624

Kaur, N., Bhanot, K., Brody, L. T., Bridges, J., Berry, D. C., & Ode, J. J. (2014). Effects of lower extremity and trunk muscles recruitment on serratus anterior muscle activation in healthy male adults. International journal of sports physical therapy, 9(7), 924-937.

Kibler, W. B., Uhl, T. L., Maddux, J. W. Q., Brooks, P. V., Zeller, B., & McMullen, J. (2002). Qualitative clini-cal evaluation of scapular dysfunction: A reliability study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Sur-gery, 11(6), 550-556. https://doi.org/10.1067/mse.2002.126766

Maas, H., Baan, G. C., & Huijing, P. A. (2001). Intermuscular interaction via myofascial force transmis-sion: Effects of tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus length on force transmission from rat extensor digitorum longus muscle. Journal of Biomechanics, 34(7), 927-940. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00055-0

Maas, H., Meijer, H. J. M., & Huijing, P. A. (2005). Intermuscular interaction between synergists in rat originates from both intermuscular and extramuscular myofascial force transmission. Cells Tis-sues Organs, 181(1), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.1159/000089967

Maas, H., & Sandercock, T. G. (2008). Are skeletal muscles independent actuators? Force transmission from soleus muscle in the cat. Journal of Applied Physiology, 104(6), 1557-1567. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01208.2007

Maenhout, A., Praet, K. V., Pizzi, L., Herzeele, M. V., & Cools, A. (2010). Electromyographic analysis of knee push up plus variations: What is the influence of the kinetic chain on scapular muscle ac-tivity? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(14), 1010-1015. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.062810

Marpalli, S., Rao Kg, M., Venkatesan, P., & George, B. M. (2022). Role of posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia in epimuscular myofascial force transmission from gluteus maximus to latissimus dorsi and lower trapezius. Muscle Ligaments and Tendons Journal, 12(02), 173. https://doi.org/10.32098/mltj.02.2022.11

Martinez-Valdes, E., Negro, F., Botter, A., Pincheira, P. A., Cerone, G. L., Falla, D., Lichtwark, G. A., & Cresswell, A. G. (2022). Modulations in motor unit discharge are related to changes in fascicle length during isometric contractions. Journal of Applied Physiology, 133(5), 1136-1148. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00758.2021

McCann, P. D., Wootten, M. E., Kadaba, M. P., & Bigliani, L. U. (1993). A kinematic and electromyograph-ic study of shoulder rehabilitation exercises. Clinical orthopaedics and related research, (288), 179-188.

Mey, K. D., Danneels, L., Cagnie, B., Bosch, L. V. den, Flier, J., & Cools, A. M. (2013). Kinetic chain influ-ences on upper and lower trapezius muscle activation during eight variations of a scapular re-traction exercise in overhead athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 16(1), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.04.008

Mohr, L., Vogt, L., Thiel, C., Behringer, M., & Wilke, J. (2023). Myofascial force transmission between the calf and the dorsal thigh is dependent on knee angle: An ultrasound study. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 3738. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30407-3

Moseley, J. B., Jobe, F. W., Pink, M., Perry, J., & Tibone, J. (1992). EMG analysis of the scapular muscles during a shoulder rehabilitation program. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 20(2), 128-134. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659202000206

Nakamura, Y., Tsuruike, M., & Ellenbecker, T. S. (2016). Electromyographic activity of scapular muscle control in free-motion exercise. Journal of Athletic Training, 51(3), 195-204. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.4.10

Oyama, S., Myers, J. B., Wassinger, C. A., & Lephart, S. M. (2010). Three-Dimensional Scapular and Cla-vicular Kinematics and Scapular Muscle Activity During Retraction Exercises. Journal of Ortho-paedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 40(3), 169-179. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2010.3018

Pirauá, A. L. T., Pitangui, A. C. R., Silva, J. P., dos Passos, M. H. P., de Oliveira, V. M. A., Batista, L. da S. P., & de Araújo, R. C. (2014). Electromyographic analysis of the serratus anterior and trapezius mus-cles during push-ups on stable and unstable bases in subjects with scapular dyskinesis. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 24(5), 675-681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.05.009

Purslow, P. P. (2010). Muscle fascia and force transmission. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Ther-apies, 14(4), 411-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2010.01.005

Reinold, M. M., Escamilla, R., & Wilk, K. E. (2009). Current concepts in the scientific and clinical ra-tionale behind exercises for glenohumeral and scapulothoracic musculature. Journal of Ortho-paedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 39(2), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2009.2835

Salles, F. L. P., & Pascoal, A. G. (2026). Shoulder muscle activation during overhead squat: Effects of elastic resistance direction on kinetic chain dynamics. Retos, 76, 359-370. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.117939

Trotter, J. A., Hsi, K., Samora, A., & Wofsy, C. (1985). A morphometric analysis of the muscle‐tendon junction. The Anatomical Record, 213(1), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092130105

Vleeming, A., Pool-Goudzwaard, A. L., Stoeckart, R., van Wingerden, J. P., & Snijders, C. J. (1995). The posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia. Its function in load transfer from spine to legs. Spine, 20(7), 753-758. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199504000-00001

Willard, F. H., Vleeming, A., Schuenke, M. D., Danneels, L., & Schleip, R. (2012). The thoracolumbar fas-cia: Anatomy, function and clinical considerations. Journal of anatomy, 221(6), 507-536. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01511.x

Yaman, A., Ozturk, C., Huijing, P. A., & Yucesoy, C. A. (2013). Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Mechanical Interactions Between Human Lower Leg Muscles in Vivo. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 135(9), 091003. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4024573

Yucesoy, C. A. (2010). Epimuscular myofascial force transmission implies novel principles for muscu-lar mechanics. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 38(3), 128-134. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e3181e372ef

Descargas

Publicado

15-05-2026

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Soto-Martínez, A., Maureira Pareja, H., Guede-Rojas, F., Carvajal-Parodi, C., Lagos-Hausheer, L., & Jerez-Mayorga, D. (2026). Influencia de la extensión isométrica de cadera sobre la actividad electromiográfica del trapecio inferior contralateral durante la retracción escapular. Retos, 81, 77-88. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.119051