Relación disfuncional con los carbohidratos en deportistas: Desarrollo y validación de un instrumento de evaluación

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.119372

Palabras clave:

carbohidratos, atletas, nutrición deportiva, conducta alimentaria, análisis factorial

Resumen

Introducción: La restricción injustificada de carbohidratos en deportistas puede comprometer el rendimiento, la recuperación y la salud, aunque su evaluación mediante instrumentos válidos y específicos sigue siendo limitada.

Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar un instrumento para evaluar la relación disfuncional con los carbohidratos en deportistas de Chile y Argentina.

Metodología: Se realizó un estudio instrumental, transversal y no experimental en 697 deportistas, distribuidos en dos muestras independientes para AFE (n = 288) y AFC (n = 409). El instrumento fue elaborado mediante revisión de la literatura, evaluación de expertos y validez aparente. El AFE se realizó con correlaciones policóricas, extracción por minres y rotación oblimin. Posteriormente, se compararon modelos confirmatorios y se evaluó la invarianza factorial entre países.

Resultados: El AFE identificó una solución de 21 ítems y tres factores, con adecuada factorizabilidad (KMO = 0,919; p < 0,001) y 42,2% de varianza explicada. En el AFC, el modelo bifactor presentó mejor ajuste que el modelo de tres factores (CFI = 0,951; TLI = 0,939; RMSEA = 0,053; SRMR = 0,044). La confiabilidad fue adecuada (α = 0,92; ωt = 0,94; ωh = 0,83), evidenciando una clara predominancia del factor general. Asimismo, se observó invarianza factorial configural, métrica y escalar entre Chile y Argentina (ΔCFI ≤ 0,01; ΔRMSEA ≤ 0,015), lo que respalda la equivalencia del instrumento entre contextos.

Conclusiones: El instrumento presenta adecuada validez estructural, confiabilidad e invarianza factorial, constituyéndose como una herramienta útil para evaluar la relación disfuncional con los carbohidratos en deportistas, facilitando la detección temprana e intervención nutricional orientada.

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Publicado

30-05-2026

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Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

González-Fernández, F., Spena, L. R., Ríos, M., Gómez, E., & Jorquera-Aguilera, C. (2026). Relación disfuncional con los carbohidratos en deportistas: Desarrollo y validación de un instrumento de evaluación. Retos, 83, 54-65. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.119372