Efecto del perfil de entrenamiento e Índice de Masa Corporal sobre la salud del pie
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.119388Palabras clave:
Actividad física, entrenamiento aeróbico, entrenamiento de fuerza, índice de masa corporal, salud del pieResumen
Introducción: La salud del pie es un constructo multidimensional que incluye dolor, funcionalidad y adecuación del calzado, y se ha asociado con múltiples factores clínicos y demográficos. Sin embargo, su evidencia sobre el rol del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y la actividad física sigue siendo controversial, principalmente por la falta de control de variables confundentes.
Objetivo: Determinar la asociación del perfil de entrenamiento y del IMC con la salud del pie, ajustando por sexo y edad.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal en 270 adultos (147 mujeres y 123 hombres; edad 44.07 ± 17.10 años; IMC 27.42 ± 4.93 kg/m2). La salud del pie se evaluó mediante el Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) validado al español. Se aplicaron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple ajustados por sexo y edad.
Resultados: En comparación con los participantes sedentarios, los perfiles concurrente y de fuerza se asociaron con mayores puntuaciones totales y de función. Además, el perfil de fuerza se relacionó con mejores puntuaciones de calzado. Los perfiles aeróbico y concurrente mostraron mejores puntuaciones de salud general del pie. Un mayor IMC se asoció con menores puntuaciones de dolor, función y total, aunque esta relación perdió significación al emplear errores estándar robustos.
Conclusiones: Los perfiles de entrenamiento de fuerza o concurrente se asociaron con mejor salud del pie, mientras que el IMC mostró solo una débil tendencia inversa general. Estrategias preventivas deberían enfocarse en promover la actividad física orientada al entrenamiento de fuerza y manejo del peso.
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