Comparación de los estiramientos de los músculoesternocleidomastoideo y trapecio en el tratamiento del dolor cervical sintomático no específico

Autores/as

  • Janagiraman R Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
  • Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai
  • Srivatsan M Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
  • Surya Vishnuram Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
  • Saad Suleman Alfawaz
  • Kavitha Ramanathan Maternal and Child Health Nur-sing, College of Nursing- AlAhsa (CON-A), King Saud bin Abdula-ziz University- Health Sciences (KSAU- HS) and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC)/Ministry of the National Guard-Health affairs, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
  • Fadwa Alhalaiqa Qatar University, Qatar
  • Syed Abudaheer K Rathinam College of Physiotherapy, Rathinam Tech Campus, Echanari, Coimbatore 21
  • Naresh Bhaskar Raj Faculty of Health Sciences, Uni-versiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.113822

Palabras clave:

Dolor cervical inespecífico, estiramiento del esternocleidomastoideo, estiramiento del trapecio, manejo del dolor, discapacidad funcional, trastornos musculoesqueléticos

Resumen

Introducción: El dolor cervical inespecífico es una afección musculoesquelética frecuente que afecta la calidad de vida y las actividades cotidianas, y puede estar causada por mala postura, distensión muscular, estrés, estar sentado durante períodos prolongados, movimientos repetitivos o dormir en una posición incómoda. La eficacia relativa del estiramiento de los músculos esternocleidomastoideo (ECM) y trapecio aún se desconoce, a pesar de que el estiramiento muscular se utiliza con frecuencia para aliviar el dolor. En este estudio se evalúan y contrastan sus efectos sobre la intensidad del dolor y el deterioro funcional.

Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental con 60 participantes diagnosticados con dolor cervical inespecífico. Se asignaron aleatoriamente a dos grupos: Grupo 1 (estiramiento del ECM) y Grupo 2 (estiramiento del trapecio). Cada grupo realizó sus respectivos ejercicios de estiramiento, repetidos 5 veces, dos veces por semana, durante 4 semanas, con intervalos de 0,5 a 10 segundos de descanso entre un estiramiento y otro. Las medidas de resultado incluyeron la Escala Numérica de Calificación del Dolor (NPRS) para la evaluación del dolor y el Índice de Discapacidad Cervical (NDI) para la evaluación funcional.

Resultado: Ambas intervenciones de estiramiento condujeron a una reducción significativa del dolor y una mejora de la capacidad funcional (p < 0,001). Sin embargo, el grupo de estiramiento de trapecio mostró mayores mejoras en la reducción del dolor y las puntuaciones funcionales en comparación con el grupo de estiramiento de ECM.

Conclusión: Tanto los estiramientos de ECM como los de trapecio reducen eficazmente el dolor y la discapacidad en el dolor cervical inespecífico. Sin embargo, el estiramiento de trapecio proporciona mayores beneficios, lo que sugiere que podría ser una intervención más eficaz.

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Publicado

2025-06-24

Cómo citar

R, J., Subramanian, S. S., M, S., Vishnuram, S., Alfawaz, S. S., Ramanathan, K., … Raj, N. B. (2025). Comparación de los estiramientos de los músculoesternocleidomastoideo y trapecio en el tratamiento del dolor cervical sintomático no específico. Retos, 68, 1971–1978. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.113822

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