La relación entre el entorno deportivo universitario, la motivación para el ejercicio y el comportamiento de ejercicio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.115163Palabras clave:
Entorno deportivo universitario, motivación para el ejercicio, comportamiento del ejercicio, modelado de ecuaciones estructurales.Resumen
Antecedentes: este estudio examina las relaciones entre el ambiente deportivo universitario, la motivación al ejercicio y el comportamiento de la actividad física, con el objetivo de informar estrategias para mejorar el compromiso con el ejercicio entre los estudiantes universitarios.
Metodología: se utilizó un diseño transversal, utilizando una combinación de muestreo por conglomerados y muestreo intencional. Se recogieron datos de 3.918 estudiantes universitarios chinos (1,978 hombres, 1,940 mujeres; Entre 18 y 22 años) utilizando la University Sports Environment Scale, la Exercise Motivation Scale y la Physical Activity Rating Scale—3. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y análisis de correlación utilizando el programa SPSS 27.0, mientras que se aplicó el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) en AMOS 26.0 para evaluar las relaciones hipotéticas.
Resultados: el análisis SEM demostró un ajuste aceptable del modelo. Los hallazgos clave indicaron que: el ambiente deportivo universitario tuvo un efecto positivo significativo tanto en la motivación al ejercicio (β=0,792,p<0,001) como en el comportamiento de actividad física (β=0,25,p<0,001). La motivación al ejercicio predijo significativamente el comportamiento de actividad física (β=0,19; p<0,001). Se observó un efecto de mediación parcial, con la motivación al ejercicio mediando la relación entre el ambiente deportivo y el comportamiento físico (efecto indirecto=0,198; p<0,001).
Conclusiones: los hallazgos sugieren que tanto el ambiente deportivo universitario como la motivación al ejercicio son factores predictores críticos del comportamiento de actividad física de los estudiantes. Estos resultados proporcionan una base teórica para el diseño de intervenciones dirigidas a promover la participación de los estudiantes universitarios en el ejercicio.
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