Desarrollo y validación de un modelo de actividad física, sueño y rendimiento académico para estudiantes

Autores/as

  • Zhanguo Su Faculty of Physical Education, Yunnan Nationalities University (China)
  • Yiping Su Faculty of Physical Education, Yunnan Nationalities University (China) https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7843-7434
  • Junyan Meng Faculty of Physical Education, Yunnan Nationalities University (China)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.115189

Palabras clave:

Actividad física, Calidad del sueño, Rendimiento académico, Modelo de gestión en salud , Políticas educativas, Educación para la salud

Resumen

Introducción: El bienestar estudiantil se ve cada vez más comprometido debido al sedentarismo, la falta de sueño y el estrés académico. Estos problemas están interrelacionados e influenciados tanto por los hábitos personales como por el contexto ambiental.

Objetivo: Este estudio buscó construir y validar un modelo de gestión de la salud "Actividad Física-Sueño-Rendimiento Académico" (P-S-A) basado en la teoría de sistemas ecológicos.

Metodología: Se aplicó un diseño de métodos mixtos. Se recopilaron datos de 1200 estudiantes de 10 a 18 años mediante encuestas, dispositivos portátiles y registros contextuales. El Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM) evaluó las relaciones entre variables, mientras que las entrevistas cualitativas proporcionaron información contextual.

Resultados: La actividad física mejoró significativamente la calidad del sueño (β = 0,35, p < 0,001), lo que a su vez mejoró el rendimiento académico (β = 0,29, p < 0,001). La actividad física también tuvo un efecto directo en los resultados académicos (β = 0,18, p < 0,01). El apoyo familiar (β = 0,22, p < 0,01) y las políticas escolares (β = 0,19, p < 0,05) moderaron estos efectos. El ajuste del modelo fue sólido (CFI = 0,92, TLI = 0,90, RMSEA = 0,07, SRMR = 0,06).

Discusión: El modelo subraya la interconexión entre la actividad física, el sueño y el rendimiento académico en un entorno favorable. Los hallazgos cualitativos destacaron la dificultad de equilibrar las exigencias de salud y académicas, junto con los beneficios percibidos.

Conclusión: El modelo P-S-A validado ofrece un marco integral alineado con iniciativas como Healthy China 2030 y la Política de Doble Reducción. Proporciona una guía práctica para educadores, familias y responsables políticos. Estudios futuros deberían abordar limitaciones como el diseño transversal y el sesgo de autoinforme mediante el empleo de métodos longitudinales y objetivos.

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Publicado

13-05-2025

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Su, Z., Su, Y., & Meng, J. (2025). Desarrollo y validación de un modelo de actividad física, sueño y rendimiento académico para estudiantes. Retos, 67, 1234-1247. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.115189