Variación en la composición corporal durante el ayuno de ramadán en atletas que siguen un programa de entrenamiento deportivo variado: variaciones intersexuales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.116079Palabras clave:
Ayuno de ramadán, composición corporal, atletas, variaciones específicas de sexo, análisis de impedancia bioeléctricaResumen
Introducción y Objetivo. El ayuno de Ramadán, caracterizado por la abstinencia diurna de alimentos y agua, puede afectar significativamente la composición corporal, especialmente en atletas con entrenamientos intensos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las variaciones específicas por género en la composición corporal de atletas universitarios que siguieron un programa de entrenamiento deportivo variado durante el Ramadán.
Metodología. Se evaluaron 129 atletas (76 mujeres, 53 hombres; de 18 a 21 años) utilizando análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica multifrecuencia (InBody 770) antes y durante la cuarta semana del Ramadán. Las mediciones incluyeron masa grasa, masa magra, circunferencias corporales y parámetros hídricos bajo condiciones controladas.
Resultados. Los hombres mostraron una reducción significativa en el peso corporal (−0,46 %, p = 0,045; Cohen 0,21, IC 95 % [0,01, 0,41]) y en la masa grasa total (−4,11 %, p = 0,031; 0,25, IC 95 % [0,05, 0,45]), incluida la masa grasa segmentaria, manteniendo la masa magra y muscular esquelética. Las mujeres presentaron reducciones en las circunferencias de cadera, abdomen y brazo, con disminuciones significativas en la masa grasa y muscular esquelética. Ambos géneros mostraron una disminución en el contenido mineral óseo.
Conclusiones. Los hallazgos destacan adaptaciones metabólicas y morfológicas distintas entre géneros durante el ayuno de Ramadán, sugiriendo la necesidad de estrategias nutricionales y de entrenamiento personalizadas para optimizar el rendimiento y la salud. Sin embargo, la ausencia de un grupo control no ayunante y la falta de monitoreo preciso de la dieta e hidratación limitan la interpretación.
Citas
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