Variação da composição corporal durante o jejum do Ramadão em atletas que seguem um programa variado de treino desportivo: variações intersexo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.116079Palavras-chave:
Jejum do Ramadão, composição corporal, atletas, variações específicas de sexo, análise de impedância bioelétricaResumo
Introdução e Objectivo. O jejum do Ramadão, caracterizado pela abstinência diurna de alimentos e água, pode afetar significativamente a composição corporal, especialmente em atletas com treino intenso. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as variações específicas de género na composição corporal entre atletas universitários que seguiram um programa variado de treino desportivo durante o Ramadão.
Metodologia. 129 atletas (76 mulheres, 53 homens; idades entre os 18 e os 21 anos) foram avaliados através de uma análise de impedância bioelétrica multifrequencial (InBody 770) antes e durante a quarta semana do Ramadão. As medições incluíram massa gorda, massa magra, circunferências corporais e parâmetros de fluidos em condições controladas.
Resultados. Os homens apresentaram uma redução significativa do peso corporal (−0,46%, p = 0,045; Cohen 0,21, IC 95% [0,01, 0,41]) e da massa gorda total (−4,11%, p = 0,031; 0,25, IC 95% [0,05, 0,45]), incluindo a massa gorda segmentar, mantendo a massa magra e a massa muscular esquelética. As mulheres apresentaram redução das circunferências da anca, abdómen e braço, com reduções significativas na massa gorda e muscular esquelética. Ambos os sexos apresentaram uma diminuição do conteúdo mineral ósseo.
Conclusões. Os achados destacam adaptações metabólicas e morfológicas distintas entre os sexos durante o jejum do Ramadão, sugerindo a necessidade de estratégias nutricionais e de treino personalizadas para otimizar o desempenho e a saúde. No entanto, a ausência de um grupo de controlo sem jejum e a falta de monitorização precisa da dieta e da hidratação limitam a interpretação.
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