El papel de la dieta y la actividad física en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas: una revisión integral
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.116556Palabras clave:
Actividad física, dieta, enfermedades crónicas, enfermedades no transmisibles, factores socioeconómicos, tecnologías digitales de salud, intervenciones sobre el estilo de vidaResumen
Introducción: Las enfermedades no transmisibles, que incluyen enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus, obesidad y neoplasias malignas, causan cerca del 70% de las muertes a nivel mundial y representan una carga significativa en muchos países de ingresos bajos y medianos.
Objetivo: El presente artículo revisa las diversas dimensiones de la dieta y la actividad física que pueden prevenir o manejar las enfermedades crónicas, especialmente en lo que respecta a la reducción de la morbilidad y la mortalidad.
Metodología: Se analiza la interacción entre factores modificables del estilo de vida y determinantes más distales, incluyendo predisposiciones socioeconómicas, ambientales y genéticas que influyen en los resultados de salud. Algunos de los hallazgos más importantes se refieren a patrones dietéticos como la dieta mediterránea y las dietas basadas en plantas, así como la actividad física en la reducción de la inflamación, la mejora de la salud metabólica y la promoción de la prevención a largo plazo de enfermedades. Se consideran intervenciones innovadoras, como las herramientas de salud digital y la prescripción social, como formas de mejorar el autocuidado y la participación comunitaria. De igual manera, la revisión resalta la importancia de eliminar las barreras para adoptar comportamientos saludables, como el acceso a alimentos nutritivos, asequibles y entornos seguros para la actividad física.
Discusión: Por lo tanto, se alienta a los responsables políticos, proveedores de salud y organizaciones comunitarias a colaborar en la formulación de enfoques integrados para promover la equidad en salud.
Conclusión: En este contexto, el análisis integral subraya la necesidad de enfoques holísticos y multidisciplinarios para gestionar el creciente desafío de las enfermedades no transmisibles y mantener los logros en salud pública a nivel global.
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