The role of diet and physical activity in preventing chronic diseases: a comprehensive review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.116556Keywords:
chronic diseases, diet, digital health technologies, lifestyle interventions, non-communicable diseases, physical activity, socioeconomic factorsAbstract
Introduction: Non-communicable diseases, which include cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and malignancies, cause nearly 70% of deaths worldwide and pose a significant burden in many low- and middle-income countries.
Objective: The present article reviews the various dimensions of dietary and physical activities that may prevent or manage chronic diseases, especially concerning implications regarding morbidity and mortality reduction.
Methodology: This includes an interaction between modifiable lifestyle factors and more distal determinants, including socioeconomic, environmental, and genetic predispositions that all determine health outcomes. Some of the most important findings concern dietary patterns such as Mediterranean and plant-based diets and physical activity in the reduction of inflammation, improvement in metabolic health, and promotion of long-term prevention of diseases. Innovative interventions, such as digital health tools and social prescribing, are considered ways of enhancing self-management and community engagement. Similarly, the review highlights what is implied to be an elimination of barriers against healthy behaviors, such as access to healthy, affordable nutritious food and safe environments for physical activity.
Discussion: Policymakers, health providers, and community organizations are therefore encouraged to collaborate in formulating integrated approaches toward promoting health equity.
Conclusion: With all this in mind, the comprehensive analysis does underscore a need for holistic, multidisciplinary approaches in managing the rising tide of NCDs in maintaining the public health gains globally.
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