Trabajo agrario diario como actividad física: género, salud y cohesión comunitaria en la Indonesia rural

Autores/as

  • Ahmad Firman Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Nobel Indonesia
  • Fitriani Latief Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Nobel Indonesia
  • Yusriadi Yusriadi Universitas Cahaya Prima
  • ⁠Asniwati ⁠Asniwati Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Nobel Indonesia
  • ⁠Surianto ⁠Surianto Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Nobel Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.117586

Palabras clave:

Actividad física, salud comunitaria, género, Indonesia, trabajo rural

Resumen

Introducción: El trabajo agrario cotidiano fue una de las formas más importantes de actividad física en las zonas rurales de Indonesia, configurando las estrategias de subsistencia e influyendo en la salud y el bienestar. A diferencia del ejercicio estructurado, las labores agrícolas surgieron como una práctica continua y exigente, arraigada en la supervivencia diaria.

Objetivo: El estudio tuvo como objetivo replantear la agricultura de pequeños productores tanto como práctica económica como forma sostenida de esfuerzo físico, con especial atención a sus implicaciones en los resultados de salud, la carga laboral de género y la cohesión comunitaria. Metodología: Se empleó un diseño de revisión exploratoria para sintetizar literatura multidisciplinaria publicada entre 2005 y 2025. Las fuentes se extrajeron de revistas revisadas por pares, informes institucionales y publicaciones locales. Los datos fueron codificados y analizados temáticamente con el software NVivo, con atención a las dimensiones de salud, género y cultura.

Resultados: La revisión mostró que las agricultoras soportaban una doble carga, combinando el trabajo agrícola con las responsabilidades domésticas, lo que provocaba fatiga crónica y problemas musculoesqueléticos. Los hombres se asociaron principalmente con tareas intensivas en el campo y con la inseguridad económica. Se identificaron prácticas culturales como rituales, ceremonias de siembra y festivales de cosecha como formas colectivas de actividad física que reforzaban la solidaridad y la tradición. La cooperación comunitaria, especialmente a través de la transferencia sostenida de conocimientos intergeneracionales, fortaleció la resiliencia.

Discusión: Los hallazgos confirmaron que el trabajo agrario funcionaba tanto como factor de riesgo para el desgaste físico como medio de reproducción cultural. Estos resultados coincidieron con estudios globales, pero resaltaron los contextos específicos de género y cultura en Indonesia.

Conclusiones: El trabajo agrario debe reconocerse como una forma compleja de actividad física que genera simultáneamente riesgos para la salud y fomenta la identidad cultural, la solidaridad y la resiliencia.

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Publicado

08-10-2025

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Firman, A., Latief, F., Yusriadi, Y., ⁠Asniwati, ⁠Asniwati, & ⁠Surianto, ⁠Surianto. (2025). Trabajo agrario diario como actividad física: género, salud y cohesión comunitaria en la Indonesia rural. Retos, 72, 1115-1132. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.117586