Article RETRACTED due to manipulation by the authors Optimizing a resistance training program to increase muscle strength: a comprehensive planning approach - a systematic review
Article RETRACTED due to manipulation by the authors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.106279Keywords:
Resistance training program, Improving muscle strength, Comprehensive planning approach, Optimization of exercise program, Systematic literature reviewAbstract
Background: Muscle strength is an essential factor in maintaining one's health and quality of life. Resistance training programs have been known to be effective in improving muscle strength. However, their success can be affected by various factors, including exercise variety, volume, intensity, frequency, and duration. To optimize the effects of a resistance training program, a comprehensive planning approach is essential. Study Objective: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature to explore a comprehensive planning approach in optimizing resistance exercise programs to improve muscle strength. Materials and Methods: A systematic method was used to identify relevant studies from various scientific databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to select studies that fit the research objectives. Data from the selected studies were extracted and analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness and planning approaches used in resistance exercise programs. Results: The results of this systematic review indicate that a comprehensive planning approach, including individualization of the program, progressive and adaptive, integration of functional exercises, and periodic monitoring and evaluation, are critical factors in optimizing resistance exercise programs. Studies showed differences in the effectiveness of resistance training programs based on these factors.
Conclusion: By integrating a comprehensive planning approach, resistance exercise programs can be optimized to achieve maximal muscle strength gains. Practical implications of these findings include relevance to specific populations and application in the context of rehabilitation. Future research should focus more on understanding the interactions between these factors and explore more specific planning approaches to improve the effectiveness of resistance training programs.
References
Aamann, L., Dam, G., Borre, M., Drljevic-Nielsen, A., Overgaard, K., Andersen, H., Vilstrup, H., & Aagaard, N. K. (2020). Resistance Training Increases Muscle Strength and Muscle Size in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 18(5), 1179-1187.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2019.07.058
Alizadeh, S., Daneshjoo, A., Zahiri, A., Anvar, S. H., Goudini, R., Hicks, J. P., Konrad, A., & Behm, D. G. (2023). Resistance Training Induces Improvements in Range of Motion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. In Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (Vol. 53, Issue 3, pp. 707–722). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01804-x
Aube, D., Wadhi, T., Rauch, J., Anand, A., Barakat, C., Pearson, J., Bradshaw, J., Zazzo, S., Ugrinowitsch, C., & De Souza, E. O. (2022). Progressive Resistance Training Volume: Effects on Muscle Thickness, Mass, and Strength Adaptations in Resistance-Trained Individuals. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(3), 600–607. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003524
Baz-Valle, E., Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Alix-Fages, C., & Santos-Concejero, J. (2022). A Systematic Review of The Effects of Different Resistance Training Volumes on Muscle Hypertrophy. Journal of Human Kinetics, 81, 199–210. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2022-0017
Chang, H., Yao, M., Chen, B., Qi, Y., & Zhang, J. (2022). Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Combined with Low-Intensity Resistance Training on Lower-Limb Muscle Strength and Mass in Post-Middle-Aged Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315691
Collins, H., Booth, J. N., Duncan, A., Fawkner, S., & Niven, A. (2019). The Effect of Resistance Training Interventions on “The Self” in Youth: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine - Open, 5(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-019-0205-0
Cunha, L. A., Costa, J. A., Marques, E. A., Brito, J., Lastella, M., & Figueiredo, P. (2023). The Impact of Sleep Interventions on Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine - Open, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00599-z
Cuthbert, M., Haff, G. G., Arent, S. M., Ripley, N., McMahon, J. J., Evans, M., & Comfort, P. (2021). Effects of Variations in Resistance Training Frequency on Strength Development in Well-Trained Populations and Implications for In-Season Athlete Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. In Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (Vol. 51, Issue 9, pp. 1967–1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01460-7
de Carvalho E Silva, G. I., Brandão, L. H. A., Dos Santos Silva, D., de Jesus Alves, M. D., Aidar, F. J., de Sousa Fernandes, M. S., Sampaio, R. A. C., Knechtle, B., & de Souza, R. F. (2022). Acute Neuromuscular, Physiological and Performance Responses After Strength Training in Runners: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. In Sports medicine - open (Vol. 8, Issue 1, p. 105). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00497-w
Encarnação, I. G. A., Viana, R. B., Soares, S. R. S., Freitas, E. D. S., de Lira, C. A. B., & Ferreira-Junior, J. B. (2022). Effects of Detraining on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy Induced by Resistance Training: A Systematic Review. Muscles, 1(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/muscles1010001
Endo, Y., Nourmahnad, A., & Sinha, I. (2020). Optimizing Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Resistance Training in Aging. Frontiers in Physiology, 11(July), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00874
Fernandez Ortega, J. A., & Hoyos Cuartas, L. A. (2020). Efectos de la velocidad de entrenamiento en fuerza sobre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza en mujeres adultas mayores. Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 38, 325–332. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sph&AN=142566984&lang=de-de&site=ehost-live
Grgic, J., Lazinica, B., Mikulic, P., Krieger, J. W., & Schoenfeld, B. J. (2017). The effects of short versus long inter-set rest intervals in resistance training on measures of muscle hypertrophy: A systematic review. European Journal of Sport Science, 17(8), 983–993. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1340524
Grgic, J., Schoenfeld, B. J., Davies, T. B., Lazinica, B., Krieger, J. W., & Pedisic, Z. (2018). Effect of Resistance Training Frequency on Gains in Muscular Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 48(5), 1207–1220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0872-x
Guizelini, P. C., de Aguiar, R. A., Denadai, B. S., Caputo, F., & Greco, C. C. (2018). Effect of resistance training on muscle strength and rate of force development in healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Experimental Gerontology, 102, 51–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.020
Jiménez, L. E. C., Pardo, A. Y. G., Quintero, G. A. G., & Muñoz, A. I. G. (2019). Explosive strength in older adults, training effects on maximum strength. Retos, 2041(36), 64–68.
Joanisse, S., McKendry, J., Lim, C., Nunes, E. A., Stokes, T., Mcleod, J. C., & Phillips, S. M. (2021). Understanding the effects of nutrition and post-exercise nutrition on skeletal muscle protein turnover: Insights from stable isotope studies. Clinical Nutrition Open Science, 36, 56–77. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutos.2021.01.005
Jones, D., Owens, M., Kumar, M., Cook, R., & Weiss, S. M. (2014). The effect of relaxation interventions on cortisol levels in HIV-seropositive women. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, 13(4), 318–323. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325957413488186
Krzysztofik, M., Wilk, M., Wojdała, G., & Gołaś, A. (2019). Maximizing Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review of Advanced Resistance Training Techniques and Methods. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244897
Lai, X., Zhu, H., Wu, Z., Chen, B., Jiang, Q., Du, H., & Huo, X. (2023). Dose–response effects of resistance training on physical function in frail older Chinese adults: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 14(6), 2824–2834. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13359
Lee, J. S., Yang, S. H., Koog, Y. H., Jun, H. J., Kim, S. H., & Kim, K. J. (2014). Effectiveness of sling exercise for chronic low back pain: A systematic review. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26(8), 1301–1306. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.1301
Loenneke, J. P., Dankel, S. J., Bell, Z. W., Buckner, S. L., Mattocks, K. T., Jessee, M. B., & Abe, T. (2019). Is muscle growth a mechanism for increasing strength? Medical Hypotheses, 125, 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.030
Magallanes, A., Magallanes, C., Feye, A. S. P., & González-Ramírez, A. (2022). Transferencia de un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza al sprint y al salto vertical en futbolistas juveniles: sentadillas vs. estocadas Transfer of a resistance training program to sprinting and vertical jump in youth soccer players: squats vs. lunges. Retos, 2041.
Mangine, G. T., Hoffman, J. R., Gonzalez, A. M., Townsend, J. R., Wells, A. J., Jajtner, A. R., Beyer, K. S., Boone, C. H., Miramonti, A. A., Wang, R., LaMonica, M. B., Fukuda, D. H., Ratamess, N. A., & Stout, J. R. (2015). The effect of training volume and intensity on improvements in muscular strength and size in resistance-trained men. Physiological Reports, 3(8). https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12472
Manojlović, D., Zorko, M., Spudić, D., & Šarabon, N. (2021). Effects of a Targeted Exercise Program on Inter-Leg Asymmetries in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain. Symmetry, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13061075
Miyamoto, T., Kamada, H., Tamaki, A., & Moritani, T. (2016). Low‐intensity Electrical Muscle Stimulation Induces Significant Increases in Muscle Strength and Cardiorespiratory Fitness. European Journal of Sport Science. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2016.1151944
Morcillo-Losa, J. A., Díaz-Martínez, M. del P., Ceylan, H. İ., Moreno-Vecino, B., Bragazzi, N. L., & Párraga Montilla, J. (2024). Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Muscle Strength for the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature. In Journal of Clinical Medicine (Vol. 13, Issue 5). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051299
Morcillo-losa, J. A., Pilar, D., Ibrahim, H., Moreno-vecino, B., Bragazzi, N. L., & Juan, P. (2024). Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Muscle Strength for the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia in Older Adults : A Systematic Review of the Literature. Journal of Clinical Medicine.
Muñoz-López, A., Fonseca, F. de S., Ramírez-Campillo, R., Gantois, P., Nuñez, F. J., & Nakamura, F. Y. (2021). The use of real-time monitoring during flywheel resistance training programmes: how can we measure eccentric overload? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biology of Sport, 38(4), 639–652. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2021.101602
Nyberg, A., Milad, N., Martin, M., Patoine, D., Morissette, M. C., Saey, D., & Maltais, F. (2022). Role of progression of training volume on intramuscular adaptations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Frontiers in Physiology, 13(August), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.873465
Ohiichuk, S. (2022). Definition of Functional Zones in Restaurants According to Haccp. https://doi.org/10.36074/logos-08.07.2022.040
Orozco, S. I. V., Reyes, F. B., Nogales, O. I. G., Sainz, H. M. S., & Gim, M. A. H. (2021). Correlación entre pensamiento táctico y el desarrollo de las habilidades técnicas y físicas de jugadores de fútbol infantil. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación , 41, 138–142. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/index
Pittaras, G., Iakovidis, P., Kasimis, K., Fetlis, A., Lytras, D., & Papatheodorou, E. (2023). The effect of strengthening and balance programs on preventing falls in the elderly: A systematic review. International Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine, 5(1), 20–24. https://doi.org/10.22271/27069567.2023.v5.i1a.432
Rebolledo-cobos, R. C., Amador-rodero, E., Yepes-charris, Y., Pulido, T., Enriquez, J. B., Sarmiento-rubiano, L. A., & Sarmiento-rubiano, L. A. (2023). Acute response in glycemia and lipemia postprandial after resistance and concurrent training in overweight postmenopausal women Respuesta aguda en la glucemia y lipemia posprandial posterior a entrenamiento de fuerza y concurrente en mujeres posmenopáusic. Retos, 2041.
Rodrigues, F., Monteiro, D., Ferraz, R., Branquinho, L., & Forte, P. (2023). The Association between Training Frequency, Symptoms of Overtraining and Injuries in Young Men Soccer Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20085466
Rostron, Z. P., Green, R. A., Kingsley, M., & Zacharias, A. (2021). Associations Between Measures of Physical Activity and Muscle Size and Strength: A Systematic Review. Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation, 3(2), 100124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arrct.2021.100124
Sánchez Pastor, A., García-Sánchez, C., Marquina Nieto, M., & de la Rubia, A. (2023). Influence of Strength Training Variables on Neuromuscular and Morphological Adaptations in Prepubertal Children: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064833
Santana, D. A. de, Castro, A., & Cavaglieri, C. R. (2021). Strength Training Volume to Increase Muscle Mass Responsiveness in Older Individuals: Weekly Sets Based Approach. Frontiers in Physiology, 12(September), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.759677
Schumann, M., Feuerbacher, J. F., Sünkeler, M., Freitag, N., Rønnestad, B. R., Doma, K., & Lundberg, T. R. (2022). Compatibility of Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training for Skeletal Muscle Size and Function: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. In Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (Vol. 52, Issue 3, pp. 601–612). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01587-7
Valenzuela, P. L., Saco-Ledo, G., Morales, J. S., Gallardo-Gómez, D., Morales-Palomo, F., López-Ortiz, S., Rivas-Baeza, B., Castillo-García, A., Jiménez-Pavón, D., Santos-Lozano, A., Del Pozo Cruz, B., & Lucia, A. (2023). Effects of physical exercise on physical function in older adults in residential care: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. The Lancet. Healthy Longevity, 4(6), e247–e256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(23)00057-0
Wang, H., Huang, W. Y., & Zhao, Y. (2022). Efficacy of Exercise on Muscle Function and Physical Performance in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138212
Weakley, J., Cowley, N., Schoenfeld, B. J., Read, D. B., Timmins, R. G., García-Ramos, A., & McGuckian, T. B. (2023). The Effect of Feedback on Resistance Training Performance and Adaptations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. In Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (Vol. 53, Issue 9, pp. 1789–1803). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01877-2
Xiao, W., Soh, K. G., Wazir, M. R. W. N., Talib, O., Bai, X., Bu, T., Sun, H., Popovic, S., Masanovic, B., & Gardasevic, J. (2021). Effect of Functional Training on Physical Fitness Among Athletes: A Systematic Review. In Frontiers in physiology (Vol. 12, p. 738878). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.738878
Zouita, A., Darragi, M., Bousselmi, M., Sghaeir, Z., Clark, C. C. T., Hackney, A. C., Granacher, U., & Zouhal, H. (2023). The Effects of Resistance Training on Muscular Fitness, Muscle Morphology, and Body Composition in Elite Female Athletes: A Systematic Review. In Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (Vol. 53, Issue 9, pp. 1709–1735). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01859-4
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Retos

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
 
						 
							