Relationship between physical activity levels and body composition of candidates for bariatric surgery: a pilot study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.106973Keywords:
Obesity, Sarcopenia, Body Mass IndexAbstract
Obesity is a public health issue that is associated with the development of cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal multimorbidities, such as sarcopenia. Furthermore, the population with severe obesity confronts various barriers that hinder the practice of physical exercise, which exposes them to greater risk and fragility. In light of this, a pilot study was conducted to characterize the population eligible for bariatric surgery regarding body composition and physical activity levels and verify the relationship between the degrees of the degrees of obesity and sarcopenia. In total, a sample of 41 individuals were included in the analysis, all of whom were female, with an average age of 45 years and weighing 108 kilos, mostly with sarcopenia (28 individuals). It was possible to observe a significant difference in the fat mass of the population with Obesity in Class 2 and 3 (p> 0.001), Class 2 and 4 (p> 0.001), Class 3 and 4 (p > 0.002), and in the % fat of the population with Class 2 and 3 obesity (p> 0.001) and Class 2 and 4 ((p> 0.002), both with strong effect sizes (0.7 and 0.5, respectively). It was possible to observe a significant difference in lean mass between the sarcopenia classification groups (p<0.001) but no significant difference was observed between the physical activity levels. The candidates for bariatric surgery predominantly have Class II and III obesity, interfering with body composition (lean mass, % body fat, and BMD), and, consequently, exposing greater physical and functional fragility. Although sarcopenia and a sedentary lifestyle are presented in the literature as conditions that impact body composition, it was not possible to identify significant differences in the sample.
Keywords: Sarcopenia. Obesity. Body mass index.
References
Barrón-Cabrera, E., González-Becerra, K., Rosales-Chávez, G., Mora-Jiménez, A., Hernández-Cañaveral, I., & Martí-nez-López, E. (2020). Low-grade chronic inflammation is attenuated by exercise training in obese adults through down-regulation of ASC gene in peripheral blood: A pilot study. Genes and Nutrition, 15(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12263-020-00674-0/FIGURES/4
Batsis, J. A., & Villareal, D. T. (2018). Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strate-gies. Nature Reviews. Endocrinology, 14(9), 513. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41574-018-0062-9
Bellicha, A., Baak, M. A., Battista, F., Beaulieu, K., Blundell, J. E., Busetto, L., Carraça, E. V., Dicker, D., Encantado, J., Ermolao, A., Farpour‐Lambert, N., Pramono, A., Woodward, E., & Oppert, J. (2021). Effect of exercise train-ing before and after bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obesity Reviews, 22(S4). https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13296
Bianchettin, R. G., Lavie, C. J., & Lopez-Jimenez, F. (2023). Challenges in Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Obese Patients: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 81(5), 490–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACC.2022.11.031
Blüher, M. (2019). Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nature Reviews Endocrinology 2019 15:5, 15(5), 288–298. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-019-0176-8
Di Cesare, M., Bentham, J., Stevens, G. A., Zhou, B., Danaei, G., Lu, Y., Bixby, H., Cowan, M. J., Riley, L. M., Hajifathalian, K., Fortunato, L., Taddei, C., Bennett, J. E., Ikeda, N., Khang, Y. H., Kyobutungi, C., Laxmaiah, A., Li, Y., Lin, H. H., … Cisneros, J. Z. (2016). Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: A pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants. The Lancet, 387(10026), 1377–1396. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30054-X
Donini, L. M., Busetto, L., Bischoff, S. C., Cederholm, T., Ballesteros-Pomar, M. D., Batsis, J. A., Bauer, J. M., Boir-ie, Y., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Dicker, D., Frara, S., Frühbeck, G., Genton, L., Gepner, Y., Giustina, A., Gonzalez, M. C., Han, H.-S., Heymsfield, S. B., Higashiguchi, T., … Barazzoni, R. (2022). Definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity: ESPEN and EASO consensus statement. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 41(4), 990–1000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.014
Durey, B. J., Fritche, D., Martin, D. S., & Best, L. M. J. (2022). The Effect of Pre-operative Exercise Intervention on Patient Outcomes Following Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obesity Surgery, 32(1), 160–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11695-021-05743-W
Enríquez-Schmidt, J., Mautner Molina, C., Kalazich Rosales, M., Muñoz, M., Ruiz-Uribe, M., Fuentes Leal, F., Mon-rroy Uarac, M., Cárcamo Ibaceta, C., Fazakerley, D. J., Larance, M., Ehrenfeld, P., & Martínez-Huenchullán, S. (2024). Moderate-intensity constant or high-intensity interval training? Metabolic effects on candidates to undergo bariatric surgery. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2024.03.001
González Arnáiz, E., Ariadel Cobo, D., Estébanez, B., Barajas Galindo, D., Pintor de la Maza, B., Urioste Fondo, A., Dameto Pons, C., Cuevas, M. J., & Ballesteros Pomar, M. D. (2024). Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity according to different diagnostic methods and cut-off points in candidates for bariatric surgery. Clinical Nutrition, 43(5), 1087–1093. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CLNU.2024.03.015
Herrera-Santelices, A., Argüello-Florencio, G., Westphal, G., Nardo Junior, N., & Zamunér, A. R. (2022). Effects of Supervised Physical Exercise as Prehabilitation on Body Composition, Functional Capacity and Quality of Life in Bar-iatric Surgery Candidates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/JCM11175091
Hsu, K. J., Liao, C. De, Tsai, M. W., & Chen, C. N. (2019). Effects of Exercise and Nutritional Intervention on Body Composition, Metabolic Health, and Physical Performance in Adults with Sarcopenic Obesity: A Meta-Analysis. Nu-trients, 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/NU11092163
Kato, T., Ikezoe, T., Tabara, Y., Matsuda, F., Tsuboyama, T., & Ichihashi, N. (2022). Differences in lower limb muscle strength and balance ability between sarcopenia stages depend on sex in community-dwelling older adults. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 34(3), 527–534. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40520-021-01952-6
Kim, M. W., Lee, D. H., Huh, J. W., & Bai, J. W. (2022). The impact of obesity on the accuracy of DXA BMD for DXA-equivalent BMD estimation. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12891-022-06076-0
Kivimäki, M., Kuosma, E., Ferrie, J. E., Luukkonen, R., Nyberg, S. T., Alfredsson, L., Batty, G. D., Brunner, E. J., Fransson, E., Goldberg, M., Knutsson, A., Koskenvuo, M., Nordin, M., Oksanen, T., Pentti, J., Rugulies, R., Ship-ley, M. J., Singh-Manoux, A., Steptoe, A., … Jokela, M. (2017). Overweight, obesity, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: pooled analysis of individual-level data for 120 813 adults from 16 cohort studies from the USA and Europe. The Lancet. Public Health, 2(6), e277. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30074-9
Liao, C. De, Tsauo, J. Y., Lin, L. F., Huang, S. W., Ku, J. W., Chou, L. C., & Liou, T. H. (2017). Effects of elastic resistance exercise on body composition and physical capacity in older women with sarcopenic obesity: A CON-SORT-compliant prospective randomized controlled trial. Medicine, 96(23). https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000007115
Lou, N., Chi, C. H., Chen, X. D., Zhou, C. J., Wang, S. L., Zhuang, C. L., & Shen, X. (2017). Sarcopenia in over-weight and obese patients is a predictive factor for postoperative complication in gastric cancer: A prospective study. European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 43(1), 188–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2016.09.006
Marc-Hernández, A., Ruiz-Tovar, J., Aracil, A., Guillén, S., & Moya-Ramón, M. (2019). Impact of Exercise on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients Awaiting Bariatric Surgery. Obesity Surgery, 29(12), 3891–3900. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11695-019-04088-9/TABLES/6
Matsudo, S., Araujo, T., Matsudo, V., Andrade, D., Andrade, E., Oliveira, L. C., & Braggion, G. (2001). Questionário Internacional de Atividade Fisica (IPAQ): Estudo de validade e reprodutibilidade no Brasil. Atividade Física e Saúde, 6, 5–18.
Mijnarends, D. M., Koster, A., Schols, J. M. G. A., Meijers, J. M. M., Halfens, R. J. G., Gudnason, V., Eiriksdottir, G., Siggeirsdottir, K., Sigurdsson, S., Jónsson, P. V., Meirelles, O., & Harris, T. (2016). Physical activity and inci-dence of sarcopenia: the population-based AGES—Reykjavik Study. Age and Ageing, 45(5), 614–620. https://doi.org/10.1093/AGEING/AFW090
Picó-Sirvent, I., Manresa-Rocamora, A., Aracil-Marco, A., & Moya-Ramón, M. (2022). A Combination of Aerobic Exercise at Fatmax and Low Resistance Training Increases Fat Oxidation and Maintains Muscle Mass, in Women Waiting for Bariatric Surgery. Obesity Surgery, 32(4), 1130. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11695-022-05897-1
Prado, C. M., Batsis, J. A., Donini, L. M., Gonzalez, M. C., & Siervo, M. (2024). Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a clinical overview. Nature Reviews. Endocrinology, 20(5), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41574-023-00943-Z
Santos, C. A. dos. (2022). Long-term association between physical activity, weight gain, metabolic risk factors and qual-ity of life in patients undergoing bariatric surgery - Systematic Literature Review. Retos, 46, 622–630. doi: 10.47197/retos.v46.93971
Studenski, S. A., Peters, K. W., Alley, D. E., Cawthon, P. M., McLean, R. R., Harris, T. B., Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J. M., Fragala, M. S., Kenny, A. M., Kiel, D. P., Kritchevsky, S. B., Shardell, M. D., Dam, T. T. L., & Vassileva, M. T. (2014). The FNIH Sarcopenia Project: Rationale, Study Description, Conference Recommendations, and Final Estimates. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 69(5), 547. https://doi.org/10.1093/GERONA/GLU010
Tangjittrong, S., Udomsawaengsup, S., & Boonchaya-anant, P. (2023). Comparison of Body Composition Variables between Post-Bariatric Surgery Patients and Non-Operative Controls. Clinical Medicine Insights. Endocrinology and Di-abetes, 16. https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514231206731
Vieira, F. T., Godziuk, K., Lamarca, F., Melendez-Araújo, M. S., Lima, R. M., Prado, C. M., de Carvalho, K. M. B., & Dutra, E. S. (2022). Sarcopenic obesity diagnosis by different criteria mid-to long-term post-bariatric surgery. Clini-cal Nutrition, 41(9), 1932–1941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.006
Voican, C. S., Lebrun, A., Maitre, S., Lainas, P., Lamouri, K., Njike-Nakseu, M., Gaillard, M., Tranchart, H., Balian, A., Dagher, I., Perlemuter, G., & Naveau, S. (2018). Predictive score of sarcopenia occurrence one year after bari-atric surgery in severely obese patients. PLOS ONE, 13(5), e0197248. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0197248
WHO, W. H. O. (2000). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organization Technical Report Series, 894, i–xii, 1–253.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Retos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
