Effects of yoga exercise on heart rate in post COVID-19 patients

Kritpech Nontakhod; Amorntheap  Wandee; Chotika Sremsiri; Pongpuk Chansingha; Naruemon Chaweeram; Aitsariya Kamnanat

doi:10.47197/retos.v61.108844

Authors

Kritpech Nontakhod Department Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat, Buriram, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-5266
Amorntheap Wandee Department Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Buriram Rajabhat University,.
Chotika Sremsiri Department Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat, Buriram, Thailand
Pongpuk Chansingha Department Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat, Buriram, Thailand
Naruemon Chaweeram Department Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat, Buriram, Thailand
Aitsariya Kamnanat Department Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat, Buriram, Thailand https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4478-3448

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108844

Keywords:

Yoga, Exercise, Heart Rate, Covid-19

Abstract

Objective: The research aimed to study the effect of yoga exercise on heart rate in post-infected patients COVID-19. Methods: The participant group consisted of female post-Covid-19 patients aged 18–22 years at a university. Sukjai (Pseudonym), 20 people, all voluntarily signed a letter of consent. Systematic Random Sampling was performed, with the experimental group (EXG) (n=10) exercising with yoga for eight weeks, three days per day, 90 minutes per session. The control group (CG) (n=10) did not undergo any training. Quantitative data were collected, including heart rate before training and after the fourth and eighth weeks of training. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed by checking their stability and trust using a triangular method. Results: It was found that (1) after exercising with yoga after week four and week eight, the experimental group had a mean heart rate that was significantly better than before training and better than the control group . (p<0.05). (2) yoga exercises for patients after COVID-19 infection improves heart rate. Conclusions: Yoga exercise improved the heart rate of patients with COVID-19. Therefore, maintaining the health of people of all ages is an alternative activity.

Keywords: Yoga, Exercise, Heart rate, COVID-19,

Author Biographies

Kritpech Nontakhod, Department Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat, Buriram, Thailand

Kritpech Nontakhod: kichpach.nk@bru.ac.th; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-5266; Department Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, 439 Jira Road, Nai Mueang, Buriram, 31000, Thailand.
Amorntheap Wandee, Department Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Buriram Rajabhat University,.

Amorntheap Wandee: amorntheap@bru.ac.th; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1581-8457; Department Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Buriram Rajabhat University, 439 Jira Road, Nai Mueang, Buriram, 31000, Thailand.
Chotika Sremsiri, Department Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat, Buriram, Thailand

Chotika Sremsiri: Chotikamild@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1908-6014; Department Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, 439 Jira Road, Nai Mueang, Buriram, 31000, Thailand.
Pongpuk Chansingha, Department Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat, Buriram, Thailand

Pongpuk Chansingha: pongpuk14c@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0748-9395; Department Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, 439 Jira Road, Nai Mueang, Buriram, 31000, Thailand.
Naruemon Chaweeram, Department Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat, Buriram, Thailand

Naruemon Chaweeram: Naruemolchaweeram@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6286-0432; Department Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, 439 Jira Road, Nai Mueang, Buriram, 31000, Thailand.
Aitsariya Kamnanat, Department Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat, Buriram, Thailand

Aitsariya Kammanat: Nanaitsariya2444@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4478-3448; Department Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, 439 Jira Road, Nai Mueang, Buriram, 31000, Thailand.

References

Alvarez, C., Campos-Jara, C., Gomes Ciolac, E., Vega-Guimaraes, G., Andrade-Mayorga, O., Cano-Montoya, J. C., An-drade, D., Delgado-Floody, P., Alonso-Martinez, A., Izquierdo, M., & Cigarroa, I. (2023). Hypertensive patients show higher heart rate response during incremental exercise and elevated arterial age estimation exercise and elevated arterial age estimation than normotensive adult peers: VASCU-HEALTH PROJECT. Retos, 50, 25-32.

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99716.

Agudo Villarejo, C. M., Cachon Zagalaz, J., Perez, Navio, E., & Lara Sanche, A. J. (2024). Benefit of yoga for postural edu-cation: proposed intervention program for elementary education. Retos, 56, 265-270.

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.103795.

Bailey, R. (2006). Physical education and sport in schools: a review of benefits and outcome. Journal School Health, 76(8), 397-401.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j1746-1561.2006.00132.x.

Balaji, R., Ramanathan, M., Bhavanani, A. B., Ranganadin, P., & Balachandran, K. (2019). Effectiveness of adjuvant yoga therapy in diabetic lung: a randomized control trial. International Journal of Yoga, 12(2), 96-102. https://10.4103/ijoy.IJOY_20_18.

Borah, P., Hussain, I., Gogoi, L., Govindasamy, K., Sarkar, S., Elayaraja, M., Balaji, E. (2024). Effect of mat Pilates training program on function fitness in older adults. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 28(1), 16-25.

https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2024.0102.

Chen, P., Mao, L., Nassis, G.P., Harmer, P., Ainsworth, B., & Li, F. (2020). Returning Chinese school-aged children and adolescents to physical activity in the wake of COVID-19: actions and precautions. Journal of Sport Health Science, 9(4), 322-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.04.003.

Cheung, P. (2019). School-based physical activity opportunities in PE lessons and after-school hours: are they associated with children’s daily physical activity. European Physical Education Review, 25, 65-75.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X177005274.

Ciolac, E. G. (2013). Exercise training as a preventive tool for age-related disorders: a brief review. Clinics (Sao Paulo), 68(5), 710-717.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2013(05)20.

Garber, C.E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M.R., Franklin, B.A., Lamonte, M.J., Lee, I.M., & Swain, D.P. (2011). Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in ap-parently health adults : guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(7), 1334-1359.

https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb.

Gonzalez-Alvarez, F. J., Valenza, M. C., Torres-Sanchez, I., Cabrera-Martos, I., Rodriguez-Torres, J., & Castellote-Caballero, Y. (2016). Effects of diaphragm stretching on posterior chain muscle kinematics and rib cage and

abdominalexcursion: a randomized controlled trial. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 20(5), 405-411.

https://doi.org/10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0169.

Gronek, J., Boraczynski, M., Gronek, P., Wielinski, D., Tarnas, J., Marszalek, S., & Tang, Y. Y. (2021). Exercise in Aging: be balanced. Aging and Disease, 12(5), 1140-1149. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2021.0107.

Jee, Y.S. (2020). Physical exercise for strengthening innate immunity during COVID-19 pandemic: 4th series of scientific evidence. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 16(5), 383-384. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2040712.356.

Jee, Y.S. (2021). Acquired immunity and moderate physical exercise: 5th series of scientific evidence. Journal of Exercise Reha-bilitation, 17(1), 2-3.

https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2142042.021.

Kanjirathingal, Jinny, P., Mullerpatan, Rajani, P., Nehete, Girish, Raghuram, Nagathna. (2021). Effect of yogasana interven-tion on standing balance performance among people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy a pilot study. International Journal of Yoga, 14(1), 60-70. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_75_20.

Kim, S.J., & Lee, Y.H. (2022). Effectiveness of yoga training programs to reduce depression and improve resilience of single mothers. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 18(2), 104-109. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2244110.005.

Klainin-Yobas, P., Oo WN., Suzanne, Y.P.Y., & Lau, Y. (2015). Effects of relaxation interventions on depression anxiety among older adults: a systematic review. Aging & Mental Health, 19(12), 1043-1055.

https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.997191.

Lee, B.A., & Kim, Y.J. (2022). Effect of regular endurance exercise on management of cardiovascular health in middle-age men. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 18(1), 50-56. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2142674.337.

Min, S.K., Son, W.H., Choi, B.H., Lee, H.J., Ahn, C.Y., Yoo, J., Park, S., Lee, J.W.,

& Jee, Y.S. (2019). Psychophysical condition of adolescents in coronavirus disease 2019. Journal of Exercise Rehabilita-tion, 17(2), 112-119.

https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2142198.099.

Miller, J.J., Fletcher, K., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (1995). Three-year follow-up and clinical implication of a mindfulness medita-tion-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry, 17(3),

-200. https://doi.org/10.11016/0163-8343(95)00025-m.

Nontakhod, K., Chuaibunchum, J., Klaharn, C., & Phunsang, N. Effects of tai chi and resistance training on balance and elderly’s strength. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 22(4), 530-536.

https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.4.11.

Nontakhod, K., Promlak, J., Mangkool, S., Injandee, S., Mhoksantia, K., Thobson, S., Changakram, S., & Kaythaisong, N. (2022). Effect of physical activities training and massages on the physical fitness of elderly people. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 22(3), 407-413.

https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.3.16.

Park, S., Choi, B.H., & Jee, Y.S. (2023). Effects of plank exercise on respiratory capacity, physical fitness, and immunocytes in older adults. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 19(6), 332-338.

Park, J.E., & Lim, E.J. (2019). The effects of Pilates and yoga participant’s on engagement in functional movement and indi-vidual health level. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 15(4), 553-559.

https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1938280.140.

Pinton, A.J., Dunstan, D.W., Owen, N., Bonfa E., & Gualano, B. (2020). Combating physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 16, 347-348. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-020-042.

Pober, D.M., Braun, B., & Freedson, P.S. (2004). Effects of a single bout of exercise on resting heart rate variability. Medi-cine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 36,1140-1148 https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000132273.30827.9a.

Posadzki, P., & Parekh, S. (2009). Yoga and physiotherapy: a speculative review and conceptual synthesis. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 15(1), 66-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-009-0066-0.

Prathikanti, S., Ravera, R., Cochran, A., Tungol, J.G., Fayazmanesh, N., Weinmann, E. (2017). Treating major depression with yoga : a prospective randomized, controlled pilot trial. PLoS One, 12(3), eo173869.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173869.

Promsrisuk, T., Kongsui, R., Sriraksa, N., Boonla, O., & Srithawong, A. (2023). Elastic band resistance combined with modified Thai yoga exercise to alleviate oxidative stress and airway inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Ex-ercise Rehabilitation, 19(2), 114-125.

https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2346040.020.

Rochel Vera, C., Albertus Camara, I., & Martinez Gonzalez-Moro, I. (2024). Analysis of the factor of heart rate variability affectes after a hypoxia tolerance test as a function of gender. Retos, 55, 177-183.

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.102983

Rodas, G., Pedret, C., Capdevila, L., & Ramos, J. (2008). Varibilidad de la frecuencia cardiac: medidas y relacion con aspec-tos clinicos (I). Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 23(1), 41-17.

Saetae, R., Supaporn, S., & Peepathum, P. Effects of combined gigong with yoga practice and qigong practice upon fear of falling and holistic health of elderly : a qualitative study. Journal of Faculty of Physical Education, 21(2), 43-54.

Siqueira Rodrigues, B.G., Ali Cader, S., Bento Torres, N.V., Oliveira, E.M., & Martin Dantas, E.H. (2010). Pilates method in personal autonomy, static balance and qulity of life of elderly female. Journal of Bodywork and movement Therapies, 14(2), 195-202. https://doi.org/j.jbmt.2009.12.005.

Srinivasan, T. M. (2016). Dynamic and static asana practice. International Journal of Yoga, 9(1), 1-3.

https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6131.171724.

Sriton, B., Ruangthai, R., & Phoemsapthawee, J. (2022). Postexercise hypotension and heart rate variability response after water-and land-based high-intensity interval exercise and prehypertensive obese men. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 18(1), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2142644.322.

Strong, W.B., Malina, R.M., Blimkie, C.J., Daniels, S.R., Dishman, R.K., Gutin, B., Hergenroeder, A.C., Must, A., Nixon, P.A., Pivarnik, J.M., Rowland, T., Trost, S., & Trudeau, F. (2005). Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. Journal Paediatrics, 146(6), 732-737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.01.055.

Sugiura, K.M., Noda, A., Miyata, S., Kojima, J., Hara, Y., Minoshima, M., & Murohara, T. (2015). The effect of habitual physical training on left ventricular function during exercise assessed by three-dimensional echocardiography. Echocardi-ography, 32(11), 1670-1675.

https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.12934.Epub2015 Mar 27.

Sullivan, M.B., Erb, M., Schmalzl, L., Moonaz, S., Noggle, T.J., Porges, S.W. (2018). Yoga therapy and polyvagal theory: the convergence of traditional wisdom and contemporary neuroscience for self-regulation and resilience. Frontiers in hu-man neuroscience. 12,67. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00067.

Thaiprasert, N., Supaporn, S., & Peepatum, P. (2019). Effects of yoga and nine-square on health and fear of falling on elder-ly. Journal of Faculty of Physical Education, 22(2), 60-69.

Telama, R., Yang, X., Viikari, J., Valimaki, I., Wanne, O., & Raitakari, O. (2005). Physical activity from childhood to adult-hood: a 21-year tracking study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(3), 267-273.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.12.003.

World Health Organization. (2010). Global recommendation on physical activity for health, Retrieved from

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241599979

Xiang, M., Zhang, Z., & Kuwahara, K. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents’ lifestyle behav-ior larger than expected. Progress Cardiovascular Diseases, 63(4), 531-532.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.013.