Comparative analysis of fitness coach training systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.109388Keywords:
educational programmes, professional competencies, standardisation of qualifications, licensing, best practices, innovations in sportsAbstract
The purpose of this study was to identify and study the most effective practices used in coach training systems in various countries of the world. The following methods of scientific cognition were used: comparative analysis, systematic method, and classification. As a result of the conducted research, an in-depth analysis of fitness coach training systems in the United States of America, Norway, Spain, and Kazakhstan was carried out. It was determined that in the American fitness coach training system, a distinctive feature is a high diversity of educational programmes, which is supported by the standardisation of qualifications. In the context of the Norwegian training system, an emphasis was placed on maintaining and developing the principles of health and activity, and on the professional ethics of specialists, including psychological training and interaction with clients. Consideration of the Spanish approach demonstrated the importance of aesthetics and diversity of physical activity for local educational programmes. The specific features of training fitness coaches in Spain also include issues of motivation and psychological training of future specialists. In Kazakhstan, a combination of conventional and innovative methods in the training of fitness coaches has been revealed, which consists in studying the pedagogical approach and introducing the latest trends in fitness. A detailed examination of the above systems helped to identify key differences in approaches to ethics and responsibility of coaches. Based on the analysis, a universal approach to training fitness coaches based on best practices was developed and described.
References
Alsoub, M.A.W. (2024). Scientific and practical competencies, communication skills, evaluation and ability to work among the graduates of sports rehabilitation. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicologia del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 19(1), 38-44. https://www.riped-online.com/articles/scientific-and-practical-competencies-communication-skills-evaluation-and-ability-to-work-among-the-graduates-of-sports-rehabilita-105221.html
American Council on Exercise. (2024a). Achieve lasting success as an ACE Certified Personal Trainer. https://www.acefitness.org/fitness-certifications/personal-trainer-certification/default.aspx (assessed 9 Sep 2024).
American Council on Exercise. (2024b). Personal trainer certification. https://www.acefitness.org/fitness-certifications/personal-trainer-certification/default.aspx (assessed 9 Sep 2024).
Astuti, Y., Erianti, E., Amsari, D., Novita Sari, D. (2024). The effect of sports modifications and mini games to improve students’ physical fitness in the adaptive physical education course. Retos, 51, 519-525. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.99975
Batrakoulis, A., Veiga, O.L., Franco, S., Thomas, E., Alexopoulos, A., Valcarce-Torrente, M., Santos-Rocha, R., Ramalho, F., Di Credico, A., Vitucci, D., Ramos, L., Simões, V., Romero-Caballero, A., Vieira, I., Mancini, A., Bianco, A. (2023). Health and fitness trends in Southern Europe for 2023: A cross-sectional survey. AIMS Public Health, 10(2), 378-408. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2023028
Bazylevych, N., Tonkonog, O., Yurchenko, I. (2022). Ways of improvement physical fitness of students by means of athletics. Theory and Practice of Physical Culture and Sports, 1(1), 36-41.
Bondarenko, V., Kornosenko, O., Serhieiev, M. (2024). Regulation of physical culture and sport: Analysis of the field of research. Pedagogical Sciences, 27(1), 27-33.
Bratland-Sanda, S., Vikøren Myhre, T.H., Tangen, J.O. (2020). Norwegian fitness industry: From bodybuilding to a public health partner. In: The Rise and Size of the Fitness Industry in Europe: Fit for the Future? (pp. 327-347). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53348-9_15
Bulca, L., Bilgin, E., Altay, F., Demirhan, G. (2022). Effects of a short video physical activity program on physical fitness among physical education students. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 129(3), 932-945. https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125221088069
Chen, L. (2024). Innovative research on physical education models in colleges and universities. Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, 9(1), 20242331. https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2024-2331
Denysovets, T., Kvak, O., Hohots, V. (2024). Current problems of physical education and ways of improving the professional training of future teachers of physical education. Pedagogical Sciences, 27(1), 70-76.
Eickhoff-Shemek, J., Herbet, D.L. (2008). Is licensure in your future? Issues to consider part 3. ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal, 12(3), 36-38.
Foster, L. (2012). Professionalization of personal trainers in the fitness industry. Morgantown: West Virginia University.
Franco, S., Simões, V., Santos-Rocha, R., Vieira, I., Ramalho, F., Ramos, L. (2024). Fitness trends in Portugal for 2024. Retos, 57, 88-100. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.105198
Grajcevci, A., Shala, A. (2021). Exploring achievement goals tendencies in students: the link between achievement goals and types of motivation. Journal of Education Culture and Society, 12(1), 265-282. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2021.1.265.282
Guo, S., Izydorczyk, B., Lipowska, M., Lizinczyk, S., Kamionka, A., Sajewicz-Radtke, U., Radtke, B.M., Liu, T., Lipowski, M. (2023). Sociocultural predictors of obligatory exercise in young men: A Polish-Chinese comparison. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1123864. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1123864
International Commentary of the Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends. (2023). ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal, 27(1), 31-35. https://doi.org/10.1249/FIT.0000000000000835
International University of Tourism and Hospitality. (2024). 6B11107 – Sports and wellness fitness. https://iuth.edu.kz/en/2022/07/04/6b11107-sports-and-wellness-fitness/ (assessed 8 Sep 2024).
Invictus Academy. (2024). Programme. Gym trainer course. https://invictusacademy.kz/programgym (assessed 4 Sep 2024).
Jamhari, Ramadhan, T., Wargama, I.M.D.S. (2023). Analysis of increasing physical fitness through physical education after the Covid-19 pandemic. Kinesthetic: A Scientific Journal of Physical Education, 7(1), 149-158. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v7i1.26899
Kazakh Academy of Sports and Tourism. (2024). 6IN01403 Adaptive Physical Culture and Sport. https://shorturl.at/BUWY8 (assessed 5 Sep 2024).
Kopzhanov, G., Doshybekov, A., Belegova, A., Orlov, A., Duisembek, A. (2024). Forming the professional culture of a future specialist in the field of adaptive physical education and sport. Retos, 51, 800-807. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.100940
Kornosenko, O. (2021). Professional competencies as a component of professional training of a fitness trainer-teacher in higher education institutions. Journal for Educators, Teachers and Trainers, 12(1), 67-71. https://jett.labosfor.com/index.php/jett/article/view/516
Krugovykh, I., Taubaeva, Sh., Ongarbaeva, D., Madieva, G., Areshchenko, A. (2020). On the question of the need for training fitness specialists in the higher education system, taken into consideration of modern conditions of development of Kazakhstan. Theory and Methodology of Physical Culture, 59(1), 34-38. http://rmebrk.kz/journals/6056/29157.pdf#page=34
Kuspanov, N., Botagariyev, T., Ryskaliyev, S., Doshybekov, A., Syzdykov, A., Gabitov, A. (2024). The influence of information technology on the professional readiness of future trainers in Kazaksha kures. Retos, 51, 365-372. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.100350
Liu, J., Wang, Y. (2023). Physical education and nationwide fitness: Interaction and integration from physical education classroom to community sports. Dean & Francis, 1(1), AL000092. https://doi.org/10.61173/a1389470
Llopis-Goig, R., Vilanova, A., Martín Sánchez, J. (2017). SPAIN: Evolution and characteristics of the private sport sector – Focus on fitness centres and gyms. In: The Private Sport Sector in Europe: A Cross-National Comparative Perspective (pp. 309-324). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61310-9_18
Lloyd, C., Payne, J. (2013). Changing job roles in the Norwegian and UK fitness industry: In search of national institutional effects. Work, Employment and Society, 27(1), 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017012460325
Lloyd, C., Payne, J. (2018). Licensed to skill? The impact of occupational regulation on fitness instructors. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 24(1), 91-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959680117701016
Marchenko, O., Moskalenko, O. (2024). Features of the needs and motivational sphere of the personality of future specialists in physical culture and sports. Theory and Practice of Physical Culture and Sports, 3(1), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.69587/tppcs/1.2024.27
Matsukhova, Y., Mykytchyk, O. (2024). Physical condition of first-level higher education students studying pedagogical specialties. Theory and Practice of Physical Culture and Sports, 3(1), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.69587/tppcs/1.2024.35
Melton, B., Romanchik-Cerpovicz, J., Ryan, G., Gallagher, C. (2021). The influence of education on the nutritional knowledge of certified fitness professionals. International Journal of Exercise Science, 14(4), 239-249. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijes/vol14/iss4/3/
Moreno, D.R., Quintana, J.G., Riaño, E.R. (2023). Impact and engagement of sport & fitness influencers: A challenge for health education media literacy. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 13(3), e202334. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/13309
Mukhamedzhanov, E., Tsitsurin, V., Zhakiyanova, Zh., Akhmetova, B., Tarjibayeva, S. (2023). The effect of nutrition education on nutritional behavior, academic and sports achievement and attitudes. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science, and Technology (IJEMST), 11(2), 358-374. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.3133
National Academy of Sports Medicine. (2024). Certified personal trainer. https://www.nasm.org/become-a-personal-trainer (assessed 6 Sep 2024).
Norges Functional Fitnessforbund. (2024). Functional fitness. https://nor3f.no/functional-fitness/ (assessed 7 Sep 2024).
Norinov, M., Ergashev, A. (2023). Aspects of the formation of teacher professional competence. American Journal of Pedagogical and Educational Research, 16, 192-197. https://americanjournal.org/index.php/ajper/article/view/1284
Ntovoli, A., Zourladani, A., Alexandris, K. (2024). Traditional exercise vs. online fitness classes: A comparison based on participants’ enjoyment. Retos, 61, 714-721. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108186
Oliver, L., Wahl Alexander, Z., Meléndez Nieves, A. (2024). Evaluating physical activity and fitness in sport education model: A systematic review. Spanish Journal of Physical Education and Sports, 437(4), 10-47.
Oscar, L., Palos, J.J., Valcarce-Torrente, M. (2024). National survey of fitness trends in Spain for 2024. Retos, 51, 1351-1363. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101717
Peltekova, I., Seisenbekov, Y., Iskakov, T., Kokebayeva, R., Baigutov, K. (2023). Problems and opportunities related to the professional development of teachers of physical education and sport in the university. SHS Web of Conferences, 176, 04012. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317604012
Rubin, L., Stokowski, S. (2023). Pedagogical considerations between teaching fitness and in higher education. Kentucky SHAPE Journal, 61(1), 25-33. https://krex.k-state.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/10ccc4fd-5f24-43c5-ad0d-f3fe130cd539/content
Salik, S., Shafee, I., Zia, A., Rani, S., Manzoor, S., Asghar, M. (2023). Effects of combined aerobic strength training versus fitness education program in COPD. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University, Natural Science Edition, 19(2), 789-797. https://www.xisdxjxsu.asia/viewarticle.php?aid=1887
Spanish Fitness Federation. (2024). https://fedfitness.org/registro-de-entrenadores/ (assessed 6 Sep 2024).
Sylejmani, B., Myrtaj, N., Maliqi, A., Gontarev, S., Georgiev, G., Kalac, R. (2019). Physical fitness in children and adolescents in rural and urban areas. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 14(4), 866-875. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.144.15
Szymczyk, P., Węgrzynowicz, K., Trybulski, R., Spieszny, M., Ewertowska, P., Wilk, M., Krzysztofik, M. (2022). Acute Effects of Percussive Massage Treatment on Drop Jump Performance and Achilles Tendon Stiffness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 15187. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215187
Ten, A., Almukhanbetova, G., Shepetyuk, M., Zaurenbekov, B., Baitasov, E. (2021). Comparative analysis of the organization of physical education and mass sport in Kazakhstan and other countries. Theory and Methods of Physical Education, 63(1), 30-34. https://doi.org/10.48114/2306-5540_2021_1_30
Trybulski, R., Kuzdzal, A., Bichowska-Paweska, M., Vovkanych, A., Kawczynski, A., Biolik, G., Muracki, J. (2024). Immediate Effect of Cryo-Compression Therapy on Biomechanical Properties and Perfusion of Forearm Muscles in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(4), 1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13041177
Volkivsky, M., Tsaruk, V. (2023). Components of professional training of future physical education teachers. Theory and Practice of Physical Culture and Sports, 2(1), 157-162. https://ehsupir.uhsp.edu.ua/items/54ceac69-bb81-47b7-8a5b-b6a3b93908cb
Wackerhage, H., Schoenfeld, B. (2021). Personalized, evidence-informed training plans and exercise prescriptions for performance, fitness and health. Sports Medicine, 51, 1805-1813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01495-w
Wang, T., Gan, Y., Arena, S., Chitkushev, L., Zhang, G., Rawassizadeh, R. (2021). Advances for indoor fitness tracking, coaching, and motivation: A review of existing technological advances. IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Magazine, 7(1), 4-14. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSMC.2020.3017936
Wolan-Nieroda, A., Maciejczak, A., Przysada, G., Kuzdzal, A., Magon, G., Czarnota, M., Druzbicki, M., Guzik, A. (2018). Assessment of cervical range of motion in patients after axis fracture. Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska, 52(3), 334-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pjnns.2017.11.013
WorldClass Astana. (2024). Fitness programmes. https://www.astana.worldclass.kz/uslugi/fitness/ (assessed 8 Sep 2024).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ilya Krugovykh, Vitaliy Avsiyevich, Zhanna Sabyrbek, Toktassyn Bekbolatov, Sharkul Taubayeva
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
