Training protocol characteristics in studies comparing functional versus traditional training: systematic review of controlled trials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.114588Keywords:
Functional training, rehabilitation, strength training, traditional trainingAbstract
Introduction: Functional training and traditional training are widely used in rehabilitation and strength training, but their methodological differences remain debated.
Objective: To assess the characteristics of training protocols in studies comparing functional training and traditional training interventions in clinical trials, through a systematic review.
Methodology: A literature search was conducted in the CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases.
Results: In traditional training protocols, most studies used machine-based exercises, mainly uniaxial, such as Smith machine squats, leg curls, and seated rows, along with treadmill warm-ups. In contrast, functional training protocols primarily included multi-joint exercises using free weights, resistance bands, kettlebells, and suspension straps.
Discussion: This review highlights the methodological overlap between FT and TT, making it difficult to clearly distinguish these approaches. While FT originates in rehabilitation and aims to improve movement patterns relevant to daily life, TT follows structured load manipulation principles to enhance muscular strength. Instead of rigid classifications, the effectiveness of an intervention should be determined by individual needs, incorporating different training modalities as appropriate. Future research should clarify definitions or acknowledge this convergence while emphasizing individualized training prescriptions.
Conclusions: Understanding the distinctions and overlaps between functional training and traditional training can help practitioners design evidence-based, adaptable programs. By integrating both approaches when necessary, fitness professionals can optimize training outcomes and promote long-term adherence.
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