Influence of the optimism on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown in Spain: analysis according to competition level (Influencia del optimismo en el impacto por confinamiento por COVID-19 en España: análisis en función de su nivel de competición)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.92335Keywords:
optimism, quarantine, COVID-19, cyclists, competition, cycling psychology, lockdown, (optimismo, cuarentena, COVID-19, ciclistas, competición, confinamiento)Abstract
Competition cycling is a sport that is mainly trained outdoors. The home confinement that imposed the quarantine for COVID-19 in Spain from March to June 2020 meant the cancellation of all competitions and prevented training on the roads. Secluded at home, the cyclists had to train with what they had and face a situation of isolation that prevented them from maintaining training routines as well as access to the usual means and infrastructures. The passing of the days produced a multitude of symptoms and responses in the athletes. Knowing the most adaptive and detecting the least adaptive highlights the importance of the trait of optimism during the confinement and the impact that this situation had on cyclists in the under23, elite and master categories. The LOT-R questionnaire was used in the evaluation. The results show that cyclists categorized with low optimism in the u23 category were the most affected by confinement, presenting a greater number of negative thoughts about their sporting future, worse mood, greater negative affect and difficulties in maintaining daily routines, reconciling the dream and orient to the achievement of the objectives. In contrast, elite cyclists with high optimism experienced a greater perception of energy and a greater positive affect. These results highlight the importance of mediating variables such as optimism as well as the importance of evaluating the impact of events such as confinement in a differential way to detect the most vulnerable profiles.
Resumen: El ciclismo de competición es un deporte que se entrena principalmente al aire libre. El confinamiento en casa que impuso la cuarentena para el COVID-19 en España de marzo a junio de 2020 supuso la cancelación de todas las competiciones e impidió entrenar en las carreteras. Recluidos en casa, los ciclistas tuvieron que entrenar con lo que tenían y enfrentarse a una situación de aislamiento que les impedía mantener las rutinas de entrenamiento, así como el acceso a los medios e infraestructuras habituales. El paso de los días produjo multitud de síntomas y respuestas en los deportistas. Conocer a los más adaptativos y detectar a los menos adaptativos pone de manifiesto la importancia del rasgo de optimismo durante el encierro y el impacto que esta situación tuvo en los ciclistas de las categorías sub23, élite y máster. En la evaluación se utilizó el cuestionario LOT-R. Los resultados muestran que los ciclistas categorizados con bajo optimismo en la categoría sub23 fueron los más afectados por el encierro, presentando un mayor número de pensamientos negativos sobre su futuro deportivo, peor estado de ánimo, mayor afecto negativo y dificultades para mantener las rutinas diarias, conciliar el sueño y orientarse a la consecución de los objetivos. Por el contrario, los ciclistas de élite con alto optimismo experimentaron una mayor percepción de energía y un mayor afecto positivo. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de variables mediadoras como el optimismo, así como la importancia de evaluar el impacto de eventos como el confinamiento de forma diferencial para detectar los perfiles más vulnerables.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Eva María Leon Zarceño, Antonio Moreno-Tenas, Miguel Angel Serrano-Rosa

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