Perfil psicofisiológico das pessoas com cardiopatia isquémica segundo a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca basal: mais um passo para a individualização do treino
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.107794Palavras-chave:
VFC, reabilitação cardíaca, treino, autoperceção, sistema nervoso autónomo, biomarcadorResumo
A doença cardíaca isquémica continua a ser a principal causa de morbilidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo. O papel do eixo cérebro-coração no equilíbrio do sistema nervoso autónomo está atualmente a ser investigado. A variabilidade basal da frequência cardíaca (VFC) pode ajudar a identificar se os doentes estão preparados para se submeterem em segurança a reabilitação cardíaca. Os objetivos foram i) analisar a VFC basal dos doentes com cardiopatia isquémica, determinando a sua normalidade, ii) identificar o efeito dos parâmetros psicofisiológicos idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC), pressão arterial, aptidão cardiorrespiratória e qualidade de vida. Os doentes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a normalidade da sua VFC basal (VFC normal, VFC não normal). Foram registados os domínios temporal e de frequência da VFC, frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial, IMC, aptidão cardiorrespiratória e autoperceção. A amostra foi constituída por homens com uma média de idades de 58,64±9,54 anos. 43,92% apresentaram VFC basal abaixo do normal. Estes eram mais velhos (P<0,001, d=0,856), tinham pior autoperceção (P<0,001, d=0,473) e pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica mais elevada (P<0,001, d=0,446; P = 0,007, d = 0 ,29). Foram encontradas correlações significativas (P<0,05) entre a VFC e a pressão diastólica, e correlações inversas com a frequência cardíaca e a idade. A percentagem de doentes cardíacos com VFC basal abaixo do normal é superior ao esperado. Estes valores estão condicionados pela idade, pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca. Além disso, apresentam pior autoperceção. Todos estes fatores devem ser tidos em conta para otimizar os programas de reabilitação cardíaca.
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