Quais são os valores de caráter contidos nas artes marciais e como eles são integrados na Educação do Caráter? Revisão da literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.109330Palavras-chave:
Discipline, character values, character education, martial artsResumo
A educação do caráter não é fácil no mundo da educação. É necessária uma boa sinergia entre uma série de aprendizados contínuos. Especialmente com o esporte assumindo especificamente um papel nos esforços de educação do caráter. Para alcançar a educação física por meio do esporte, uma parte do esporte são as artes marciais. Esta pesquisa baseia-se na ideia de que o treinamento em artes marciais oferece a oportunidade de ensinar o caráter com o valor das tradições e atividades que elas contêm. Com diferentes atividades e costumes de diversas artes marciais e perdurando por muito tempo, hábitos (incluindo valores de caráter) serão formados para se comportar conforme planejado. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de revisão bibliográfica. A busca nas bases de dados foi realizada no Scopus e posteriormente analisada seguindo os passos do PRISMA. A busca foi realizada no Scopus utilizando as palavras-chave “valor AND educação AND in AND marcial AND artes”, “disciplina AND educação AND in AND marcial AND artes e “o valor AND de AND disciplina AND in AND marcial AND artes”. Na revisão baseada nas etapas do PRISMA, foram obtidos 17 artigos relevantes. De acordo com a análise realizada, existem valores de caráter nas artes marciais (Silat, Tae Kwon do, Karatê, Judô, Wushu, MMA, Wrestling). através da habituação contínua aos costumes culturais de cada ramo das artes marciais. A qualidade dos treinadores, bem como o domínio do caráter, das técnicas e das táticas, também influenciam o cultivo dos valores do caráter das artes marciais. a educação do caráter por meio das artes marciais é muito eficaz e deve ser bem elaborada, mesmo em atividades rotineiras, cerimônias, exercícios e níveis. Este processo deve ser familiarizado e orientado por especialistas que compreendam técnicas e táticas culturais.
Palavras-chave: Disciplina, valores de caráter, educação do caráter, artes marciais.
Referências
Akehurst, E., Southcott, J., & Lambert, K. (2019). Kick start – martial arts as a non-traditional school sport: an Australian case study of Taekwondo for Years 7–12 students. In Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education (Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp. 83–98). Informa UK Limited. https://doi.org/10.1080/25742981.2019.1635507
Anderson, R. (2012). Martial Arts and Philosophy: Beating and Nothingness. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 90(4), 820–820. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048402.2012.688981
Andrade, A., Silva, R. B., & Dominski, F. H. (2020). Application of sport psychology to mixed martial arts: A systematic review. Kinesiology, 52(1), 94–102. https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.12
Apriani, L., Mimi Yulianti, Joni Alpen, & Aprillia Maharani Putri. (2023). Child Character Education Through Health and Sports Physical Education. Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 7(1), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v7i1.26895
Barczyński, B. J., & Kalina, R. M. (2015). Science of Martial Arts – Example of the Dilemma in Classifying New Interdisciplinary Sciences in the Global Systems of the Science Evaluation and the Social Consequences of Courageous Decisions. Procedia Manufacturing, 3(Ahfe), 1203–1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.199
Behrendt, J. (2001). Judo & character moving from the hard to the gentle way. Journal of Asian Martial Arts, 10(4), 88–92.
Bisa, M. (2023). Sports Education as a Means of Building Student Character: Values and Benefits. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(2), 1581–1590. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i2.3889
Brunsdon, J. J. (2023). ‘it’s about bringing people together’: one middle school physical education teacher’s attempt at deploying character education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2023.2256753
Bryant, D., & Wilson, A. (2020). Factors Potentially Influencing Discipline Referral and Suspensions at an Affiliated Charter High School. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 10(1), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.5590/jerap.2020.10.1.08
Cheung, R. H. P. (2017). Teacher-directed versus child-centred: the challenge of promoting creativity in Chinese preschool classrooms. Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 25(1), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2016.1217253
Cho, N., Shin, M., & Ahn, H. (2022). Psychosocial Characters and Their Behavioural Indexes for Evaluation in Secondary School Physical Education Classes and Sports Club Activities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116730
Croom, A. M. (2014). Embodying martial arts for mental health: Cultivating psychological wellbeing with martial arts practice. Archives of Budo Science of Martial Arts and Extreme Sports, 10, 59–70.
Cular, D., Munivrana, G., & Katić, R. (2013). Anthropological analysis of taekwondo--new methodological approach. Collegium Antropologicum, 37 Suppl 2, 9–18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23914483/
Cynarski, W. J., & Lee-Barron, J. (2014). Philosophies of martial arts and their pedagogical consequences. Ido Movement for Culture, 14(1), 11–19.
Cynarski, W. J., Pawelec, P., Yu, J.-H., Vit, M., Słopecki, J., & Kubala, K. (2018). Perception of Success among People Practising Martial Arts and Combat Sports. Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine, 21(1), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.18276/cej.2018.1-08
Delisle, T. T., Werch, C. E., Wong, A. H., Bian, H., & Weiler, R. (2010). Relationship between frequency and intensity of physical activity and health behaviors of adolescents. Journal of School Health, 80(3), 134–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00477.x
Denison, J., Mills, J. P., & Konoval, T. (2017). Sports’ disciplinary legacy and the challenge of ‘coaching differently.’ Sport, Education and Society, 22(6), 772–783. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2015.1061986
Diamond, A. (2012). Activities and Programs That Improve Children’s Executive Functions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(5), 335–341. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721412453722
E.W, A. S. B. S., Ismail, M., & Sukrawan, N. (2020). Values of Character in Sport (Study on Student’s Pencak Silat). Journal Physical Education, Health and Recreation, 5(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.24114/pjkr.v5i1.19989
Ediyono, S. (2016). Sustaining the Indonesian martial art (Pencak silat) and culture for good character building: A systemic analysis. Advanced Science Letters, 22(12), 4378–4381. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2016.8160
Eganov, A. V., Kuz, A. M., Korovin, S. S., & Bykov, V. S. (2016). Structural features of mental health of athletes engaged in applied martial arts. Teoriya i Praktika Fizicheskoy Kultury, 5, 50–52.
Gandasari, M. F. (2023). Application of Physical Eduation Subjects to the Development of Student Character Values. Indonesian Journal of Sport Management, 3(2), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.31949/ijsm.v3i2.7185
Görner, K., Kuśnierz, C., & Nowak, P. F. (2019). Perception of health by combat sports athletes. Archives of Budo, 15, 213–219.
Gutiérrez García, C., & Pérez Gutiérrez, M. (2008). “The Contribution of Jiudo to Education” by Jigoro Kano. Introduction, Translation and Notes. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 3(3), 38–53.
Gutiérrez García, C., & Pérez Gutiérrez, M. (2012). “La contribución del judo a la educación” de Jigoro Kano. Introducción, traducción y notas. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 3(3), 38. https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v3i3.375
Harwood, A., Lavidor, M., & Rassovsky, Y. (2017). Reducing aggression with martial arts: A meta-analysis of child and youth studies. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 34, 96–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2017.03.001
Hasanah, P. F. A., Hartati, S., & Yetti, E. (2021). Apakah Bela Diri Pencak Silat dapat Melatih Kedisiplinan pada Anak ? Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), 2082–2089. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.1068
Hayudi, Lardika, R. A., Suherman, A., Sutresna, N., Yudiana, Y., & Ray, H. R. D. (2023). Sustainable Development of Character Education in Physical Education: Bibliometric Analysis Using VOSviewer. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(8), e1432. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i8.1432
Hings, R. F., Wagstaff, C. R. D., Anderson, V., Gilmore, S., & Thelwell, R. C. (2020). Better Preparing Sports Psychologists for the Demands of Applied Practice: The Emotional Labor Training Gap. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 32(4), 335–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2018.1560373
Howard, S. J., Vella, S. A., & Cliff, D. P. (2018). Children’s sports participation and self-regulation: Bi-directional longitudinal associations. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 42(September 2017), 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2017.09.006
Hutteman, R., Hennecke, M., Orth, U., Reitz, A. K., & Specht, J. (2014). Developmental Tasks as a Framework to Study Personality Development in Adulthood and Old Age. European Journal of Personality, 28(3), 267–278. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1959
Islam, S., Husein, M., Abadi, A. K., Pratama, O. P. A., Nubatonis, J. D., Kristiono, A. A., Dewi, I. S., Wijaya, M. B., & Salacup, V. L. D. (2024). What is the relationship between body mass index and reaction speed in PPLOP boxing athletes in Central Java? Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 2(2), 88–96. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v2i2.79361
Jagiełło, W., & Dornowski, M. (2011). Martial arts in the opinions of students at the Faculty of Physical Education. Archives of Budo, 7(2), 55–59.
Johnson, J. A. (2017). From technique to way: An investigation into taekwondo’s pedagogical process. Ido Movement for Culture, 17(4), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.14589/ido.17.4.2
Juni Samodra, Y. T., Yosika, G. F., Gustian, U., Mashud, M., Arifin, S., Suryadi, D., Wati, I. D. P., Syam, A., Candra, A. R. D., Wati, M. G., & Candra, A. T. (2024). Are boys and girls in rural areas equal in terms of gross motor skills? Retos, 54, 94–99. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.103005
Kamaruddin, I., Susanto, N., Hita, I. P. A. D., Pratiwi, E. Y. R., Abidin, D., & Laratmase, A. J. (2023). Analysis of the Influence Physical Education on Character Development of Elementary School Students. At-Ta’dib, 18(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.21111/attadib.v18i1.9749
Kim, Y., Todd, T., Fujii, T., Lim, J.-C., Vrongistinos, K., & Jung, T. (2016). Effects of Taekwondo intervention on balance in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 12(4), 314–319. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1632634.317
Ko, L. M., Ting, M. C., & Lee, P. C. (2018). The development of Chinese martial arts in Taiwan since 1949. International Journal of the History of Sport, 34(15), 1603–1616. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2018.1482874
Kogoya, T., Mutohir, C., Pramono, M., Kristiyanto, A., Putro, B. N., Ali, S. K. S., Karakauki, M., Sukarmin, Y., Sutapa, P., Festiawan, R., Pratama, K. W., Permadi, A. A., Sonjaya, A. R., & Trisnadi, R. A. (2023). Developing the Value of Peace in Sport, Health, and Physical Education Lecture through Traditional Games. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(2), 268–275. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2023.110202
Kotarska, K., Nowak, L., Szark-Eckardt, M., & Nowak, M. (2019a). Selected healthy behaviors and quality of life in people who practice combat sports and martial arts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(5), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050875
Kotarska, K., Nowak, L., Szark-Eckardt, M., & Nowak, M. A. (2019b). Intensity of health behaviors in people who practice combat sports and martial arts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142463
Kozdras, G. (2019). Education in moral values of JUDO school students. Ido Movement for Culture, 19, 50–54. https://doi.org/10.14589/ido.19.1S.8
Kozdras, G. (2022). Education to bravery – contemporary understanding and comparing bravery among adepts of selected martial arts. Ido Movement for Culture, 22(5), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.14589/ido.22.5.4
Kusnierz, C., Cynarski, W. J., & Gorner, K. (2017). Social reception and understanding of combat sports and martial arts by both school students and adults. Ido Movement for Culture, 17(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.14589/ido.17.1.5
Lakes, K. D., & Hoyt, W. T. (2004). Promoting self-regulation through school-based martial arts training. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25(3), 283–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2004.04.002
Lam, K. C., Snyder Valier, A. R., Bay, R. C., & Valovich McLeod, T. C. (2013). A unique patient population? Health-related quality of life in adolescent athletes versus general, healthy adolescent individuals. Journal of Athletic Training, 48(2), 233–241. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.2.12
Longstreth, S., Brady, S., & Kay, A. (2013). Discipline Policies in Early Childhood Care and Education Programs: Building an Infrastructure for Social and Academic Success. Early Education and Development, 24(2), 253–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2011.647608
Ma, X. (2021). Moral Education of Physical Education from the View of Embodied Moral Education. Learning & Education, 10(2), 142. https://doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i2.2310
Marini, A., Safitri, D., Zahari, M., Lestari, I., Rihatno, T., Nuraini, S., Iskandar, R., & Ibrahim, N. (2021). Model of character building applied in physical education and sport class: Case in Indonesia. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21, 2389–2394. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4320
Mashud, M., Arifin, S., Warni, H., Samodra, Y. T. J., Yosika, G. F., Basuki, S., Suryadi, D., & Suyudi, I. (2024). Physical Fitness: Effects of active lifestyle internalization through physical literacy awarenes based project. Retos, 51, 1299–1308. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101662
Mohamed Shaffril, H. A., Samah, A. A., Samsuddin, S. F., & Ali, Z. (2019). Mirror-mirror on the wall, what climate change adaptation strategies are practiced by the Asian’s fishermen of all? In Journal of Cleaner Production (pp. 232, 104–117). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.262
Mokiy, V. (2021). Information on the Information. Systems Transdisciplinary Aspect. Universum:Social Science, 71(1–2), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.32743/unisoc.2021.71.1-2.40-48
Moyo, G., Khewu, N. P. D., & Bayaga, A. (2014). Disciplinary practices in schools and principles of alternatives to corporal punishment strategies. South African Journal of Education, 34(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.15700/201412120952
Muhtar, T., Supriyadi, T., & Lengkana, A. S. (2020). Character development-based physical education learning model in primary school. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 8(6), 337–354. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2020.080605
Nakonechnyi, I., & Galan, Y. (2017). Development of behavioural self-regulation of adolescents in the process of mastering martial arts. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17(3), 1002–1008. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2017.s3154
Nasrullah, N., Azhar, M., Abdi, 2, Nurul Satria, Kurniawan, K., & Akram, A. S. (2023). Building Strong Character Among The Adolescent Of The Islamic Center Mosque Of Al-Muqorrobin, Sewon, Bantul Through Didikan Subuh And Tapak Suci Martial Arts. Proceeding International Conference of Community Service, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.18196/iccs.v1i2.165
Nolte, P. L., & Roux, C. J. (2023). Judo as a tool to reinforce value-based education in the South African Primary Schools physical education and school sport programmes. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(1), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2023.01003
Pavlova, I., Bodnar, I., & Vitos, J. (2018). The role of karate in preparing boys for school education. Physical Activity Review, 6, 54–63. https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2018.06.08
Petrovic, K. (2017). The benefits of taekwondo training for undergraduate students: A phenomenological study. Societies, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/soc7030027
Putri, A. Y., Kasih, I., & Sinulingga, A. (2023). Curriculum Development with Independent Learning in The Perspective of Physical Education as A Character Development Subject. International Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(2), 432–435. https://doi.org/10.32528/issh.v2i2.260
Raharjo, H. P., Kusuma, D. W. Y., Putra, R. B. A., & Irsyada, R. (2023). Physical education with the TPSR model: Building characters and basic manipulative movements in elementary school students. Journal Sport Area, 8(2), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2023.vol8(2).11072
Samodra, Y. T. J., Gustian, U., Seli, S., Riyanti, D., Suryadi, D., Fauziah, E., & Mashud. (2023). Somatotype of the Tarung Derajat martial arts athletes in the fighter category. Journal Sport Area, 8(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2023.vol8(1).11015
Sandford, G. T., & Gill, P. R. (2019). Martial arts masters identify the essential components of training. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 24(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2018.1530749
Saputra, M. N., & Riyoko, E. (2023). Pencak silat Seliwa Betawi: A review in the perspective of historical development in Palembang. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 1(1), 24–30. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v1i1.63891
Saputro, A. A. (2023). Learning Management of Student Center Based Physical Education in Improving Student Character. Indonesian Journal of Sport Management, 3(1), 128–135. https://doi.org/10.31949/ijsm.v3i1.4884
Sarbaitnil, & Firdaus. (2019). The character values in minangkabau traditional martial arts. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 8(10), 846–850.
Satriawan, R., Amar, K., & Fitriani, A. (2023). Tapa Gala Traditional Sports Games Based on Local Wisdom as Strengthening the Character of Mutual Cooperation. Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 3(2).
Saveliev, D. S., & Sidorenko, S. A. (2017). Effects of competitive martial arts on first-year students’ psychophysiological potential. Teoriya i Praktika Fizicheskoy Kultury, 2017-Janua(5), 43–45.
Schiff, N. T., Ma’mun, A., Mulyana, & Berliana. (2021). TA’LEQ: Ethical and Moral Values of Cimande Pencak Silat Martial Arts. 4(1), 103–110.
Shishida, F., Sakaguchi, M., Satoh, T., & Kawakami, Y. (2017). Technical principles of atemi-waza in the first technique of the itsutsu-no-kata in judo: From a viewpoint of jujutsu like atemi-waza. a broad perspective of application in honoured self-defence training. Archives of Budo, 13(3), 255–269.
Siti K S, A. Y., Adh Dhuha, Z. U., Aimar, D., Saputra, D. A., Maulana Rifki, M. T., Nurfaidah, T., & Rizkyanfi, M. W. (2024). The Role of Physical Education in Forming Students’ Character Education (Systematic Literature Review). Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education, 10(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.58258/jime.v10i1.6538
Sudirman, R., Mashud, Aprial, B. M., Tahapary, J. M., Gunawan, Samodra, Y. T. J., Wati, I. D. P., Suryadi, D., Arifin, R., & Nawir, N. (2024). Plyometric training and circuit training in terms of eye-hand coordination: how it affects the explosive power of sickle attacks? Retos, 52, 131–137. https://doi.org/10.47197/RETOS.V52.101330
Suherman, A., Supriyadi, T., & Cukarso, S. H. I. (2019). Strengthening national character education through physical education: An action research in Indonesia. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 18(11), 125–153. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.11.8
Sun, R. C. F. (2015). Teachers’ experiences of effective strategies for managing classroom misbehavior in Hong Kong. Teaching and Teacher Education, 46, 94–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2014.11.005
Suryadi, D., Gustian, U., & Fauziah, E. (2022). The Somatotype of Martial Athletes in the Fighter Category Against Achievement. JUARA: Jurnal Olahraga, 7(1), 116–125. https://doi.org/10.33222/juara.v7i1.1484
Suryadi, D., Nasrulloh, A., Haryanto, J., Samodra, Y. T. J., Wati, I. D. P., Suganda, M. A., Nugroho, S., Dafun Jr, P. B., Kushartanti, B. M. W., & Fauziah, E. (2024). What are physical exercise interventions in older age? Literature review for physical and cognitive function. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 28(3 SE-Articles), 201–212. https://sportpedagogy.org.ua/index.php/ppcs/article/view/2657
Suryadi, D., Nasrulloh, A., Yanti, N., Ramli, R., Fauzan, L. A., Kushartanti, B. W., Sumaryanti, S., Suhartini, B., Budayati, E. S., Arovah, N. I., Mashud, M., Suganda, M. A., Sumaryanto, S., Sutapa, P., Abdullah, N. M. bin, & Fauziah, E. (2024). Stimulation of motor skills through game models in early childhood and elementary school students: systematic review in Indonesia. Retos, 51, 1255–1261. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101743
Svitych, A. (2021). Northeast Asian Modern Martial Arts: An Embodied Synthesis of Virtue Ethics and Deontology. International Journal of the History of Sport, 38(7), 751–767. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2021.1887143
Tadesse, M. E. (2016). Benefits and challenges of practicing taekwondo to adolescents in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 11(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v11i1.3310
Tantri, A., Aprial, B., Mashud, M., Kristyandaru, A., Basuki, S., Samodra, Y. T. J., Warni, H., Arifin, S., Wati, I. D. P., Thamrin, L., & Suryadi, D. (2023). Modification of interactive multimedia with the ARA MODEL: study of development of football learning models in pandemic times. Retos, 50, 1289–1298. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.100587
Tejero-González, C. M., Balsalobre-Fernández, C., & Ibáñez-Cano, A. (2011). La defensa personal como intervención educativa en la modificación de actitudes violentas. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de La Actividad Fisica y Del Deporte, 11(43), 513–530.
Theeboom, M. (2012). A closer look at effects of martial arts involvement among youth. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 11(3–4), 193–205. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSMM.2012.047127
Vertonghen, J., & Theeboom, M. (2013). How to obtain more insight into the true nature of outcomes of youth martial arts practice? Journal of Children’s Services, 8(4), 244–253. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCS-03-2013-0006
Wu, C., Liu, B., & Xu, L. (2023). Exploration of Physical Education Teaching Design and Student Ability and Character Cultivation Based on Positive Psychological Influence. International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology, 10(4), 746–757. https://doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i4.2128
Yıldırım, H., & Gürpınar, B. (2023). Physical Education Teachers’ Opinions on Character Education and Its Practices. Egitim ve Bilim, 48(214), 219–248. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2023.11749
ZHAO, T. (2023). The role and influence of martial arts and taekwondo in the construction of sports culture in universities. Region - Educational Research and Reviews, 5(3), 157. https://doi.org/10.32629/rerr.v5i3.1336
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Retos
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e assegurar a revista o direito de ser a primeira publicação da obra como licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite que outros para compartilhar o trabalho com o crédito de autoria do trabalho e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Os autores podem estabelecer acordos adicionais separados para a distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicado na revista (por exemplo, a um repositório institucional, ou publicá-lo em um livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- É permitido e os autores são incentivados a divulgar o seu trabalho por via electrónica (por exemplo, em repositórios institucionais ou no seu próprio site), antes e durante o processo de envio, pois pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como a uma intimação mais Cedo e mais do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre) (em Inglês).
Esta revista é a "política de acesso aberto" de Boai (1), apoiando os direitos dos usuários de "ler, baixar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, pesquisar, ou link para os textos completos dos artigos". (1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
