Efeito do treino de força e resistência na reabilitação do cancro da mama: evidência atual e práticas clínicas: revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.109370Palavras-chave:
Cancro de mama, recuperação pós-cirúrgica, treino de resistência, bem-estar geral, capacidade funcionalResumo
Introdução: O treino físico tem-se consolidado como uma variável crítica em saúde, destacando-se como uma ferramenta essencial nos processos de reabilitação. Atualmente, a sua implementação em programas terapêuticos contribui significativamente para a melhoria da qualidade de vida, otimização da recuperação funcional e mitigação dos efeitos secundários associados a diversas condições de saúde.Objectivos: Analisar a evidência actual sobre os efeitos do treino de força e resistência na reabilitação do cancro da mama e estabelecer recomendações baseadas em práticas clínicas e resultados de investigação.
Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa abrangente no Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library e Scopus, utilizando termos de pesquisa específicos e critérios de inclusão predefinidos para estudos entre 2018 e 2024.
Resultados: Em 13 estudos com 1.395 mulheres sobreviventes de cancro da mama (idade média de 54,14 anos), verificou-se que o treino de força e resistência oferece benefícios significativos para a saúde. As intervenções melhoraram a força muscular e a qualidade de vida, reduzindo a fadiga e a depressão. Foram também observados efeitos positivos no sistema imunitário, na capacidade cardiorrespiratória (Vo2máx) e na mobilidade, para além da redução do linfedema.
Conclusão: O treino de força e resistência é uma estratégia eficaz para melhorar a qualidade de vida, os níveis de energia e mitigar os efeitos secundários do tratamento em doentes oncológicos. Recomenda-se fazer 2 a 3 sessões semanais de 30 a 60 minutos. Embora os protocolos variem em intensidade, séries, repetições e descanso, a adaptação do programa de exercício às necessidades individuais é crucial para otimizar os resultados e garantir uma recuperação eficaz.
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