Efeitos do treinamento intervalado na aptidão física e nas percepções de prazer pela prática de jovens jogadores de futebol: comparações entre protocolos de intervalo curto e longo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.109464Palavras-chave:
ciência do esporte, treinamento esportivo, desempenho físico, esporte coletivoResumo
Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar os efeitos de protocolos de treinamento intervalado (TI) curto vs. longo sobre a aptidão física e as percepções de prazer pela prática em jovens jogadores de futebol. Vinte e quatro jogadores de futebol do sexo masculino da categoria sub-15 (idade entre 14 e 15 anos) participaram da pesquisa. Os protocolos de treinamento tiveram duração de 7 semanas, com frequência semanal de treinos de duas vezes (terça e quinta feira), sendo realizado dois períodos de avaliação (pré e pós-treino). As avaliações realizadas foram: 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test, Salto Horizontal Bipodal e Unipodal. O protocolo de treinamento intervalado longo foi composto por 3 séries de 3 minutos com intensidade variando de 80-90% da velocidade final atingida 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (vIFT). Já o protocolo de treinamento intervalado curto foi composto por 3 séries de 3 minutos, sendo 20 segundos de ação por 10 segundos de recuperação, até totalizar 3 minutos, com intensidade variando de 100-110% da vIFT. Entre cada série, em ambos os protocolos, foi realizada uma recuperação passiva de 1 minuto e 30 segundos. As sessões foram realizadas sempre após a sessão de treinamento habitual da equipe (baseada em jogos). No início da quinta semana foi reaplicado o teste 30-15 IFT para ajuste da intensidade das sessões. Em todas as sessões de treinamento de ambos os grupos foram registradas a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE 0-10) e o tempo da sessão (minutos). A partir disso foram calculados os índices de carga interna, monotonia e tensão (strain). Ao final da aplicação do treinamento, foi aplicado a Escala de Sentimento, um questionário que analisa o nível de prazer dos jogadores ao realizarem ambos os treinamentos (TI curto e TI longo). O principal achado foi que ambos os protocolos de TI curto e longo aumentaram a distância no salto horizontal bipodal, unipodal na perna direira e a vIFT. Apenas o TI curto aumentou o salto horizontal unipodal na perna esquerda, porém, sem diferença entre os grupos. Não foram verificadas diferenças na carga interna, monotonia e tensão entre os protolocos de TI. Contudo, o grupo de TI curto obteve maior prazer pela prática em comparação ao grupo TI longo. Em conclusão, ambos os programas de treinamento melhoraram a aptidão aeróbia e do desempenho no salto horizontal, porém, o grupo que realizou o TI curto obteve maior prazer pela prática.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Mariana Damm Fraga, Luiz Guilherme Cruz Gonçalves, Rodrigo Ribeiro Ribeiro, Vinicius Ribeiro Ribeiro, Bruno Gonçalves Gonçalves, Gustavo Sena Sena, Rodrigo Aquino
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