Exploración del papel de la actividad física regular en la prevención del accidente cerebrovascular

Autores/as

  • Bauyrzhan Omarov Al-Farabi KazNU
  • Kairat Aliyev Korkyt Ata University
  • Abay Tursynbayev M. Auezov South Kazakhstan university
  • Elmira Abdykerimova Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University
  • Danyar Sultan International Information Technology University
  • Zhadyra Kozhamkulova

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.113774

Palabras clave:

accidente cerebrovascular, actividad física, ejercicio, adherencia, modalidades de ejercicio

Resumen

Introducción: el accidente cerebrovascular es una de las principales causas de discapacidad y mortalidad, lo que destaca la necesidad de estrategias preventivas eficaces. La actividad física es un factor clave en la reducción del riesgo, pero el impacto de distintas modalidades de ejercicio y niveles de adherencia aún requiere una investigación más profunda. Objetivo: Este estudio evaluó el impacto de la actividad física moderada a vigorosa en el riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular, diferenciando entre ejercicios aeróbicos, anaeróbicos, entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad y resistencia de estado estable. Además, examinó si la adherencia a la actividad física influía de manera independiente en su prevención.

Metodología: se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo con 400 participantes, evaluando sus niveles de actividad física y la incidencia de accidentes cerebrovasculares. Se emplearon la regresión logística multinomial y el modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox para analizar los tipos de ejercicio y evaluar los efectos de la adherencia.

Resultados: estos hallazgos concuerdan con investigaciones previas que resaltan los beneficios cardiovasculares del ejercicio aeróbico, desafiando la idea de que la adherencia por sí sola es el factor clave en la prevención del accidente cerebrovascular. Destacan la necesidad de optimizar las recomendaciones de ejercicio, priorizando modalidades específicas para individuos con mayor riesgo de sufrir un accidente cerebrovascular.

Discusión: estos hallazgos refuerzan investigaciones previas sobre los beneficios cardiovasculares del ejercicio aeróbico y cuestionan el papel de la adherencia por sí sola en la prevención del accidente cerebrovascular, destacando la necesidad de recomendaciones de ejercicio específicas basadas en la evidencia.

Conclusiones: este estudio reafirma la importancia del ejercicio aeróbico en la prevención del accidente cerebrovascular y subraya la necesidad de programas estructurados de actividad física en las directrices de salud pública. Las investigaciones futuras deben explorar los efectos a largo plazo de diversos regímenes de ejercicio en poblaciones diversas para optimizar las estrategias de prevención del accidente cerebrovascular.

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Publicado

02-04-2025

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Omarov, B., Aliyev, K., Tursynbayev, A., Abdykerimova, E., Sultan, D., & Kozhamkulova, Z. (2025). Exploración del papel de la actividad física regular en la prevención del accidente cerebrovascular. Retos, 66, 961-975. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.113774