Habilidades motoras y movimiento de 24 horas en niños preescolares

Autores/as

  • Vânia Loureiro Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Departamento de Artes, Humanidades e Desporto, Beja (Portugal)
  • Sandra Trindade Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Departamento de Artes, Humanidades e Desporto, Beja (Portugal) https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7951-894X
  • Bebiana Sabino Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Departamento de Artes, Humanidades e Desporto, Beja (Portugal) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-292X
  • Rui Mendes Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior de Educação, Coimbra (Portugal)
  • Luís Murta Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Departamento de Artes, Humanidades e Desporto, Beja (Portugal) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4395-2664

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.116981

Palabras clave:

Actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, habilidades motoras, tiempo de pantalla, sueño

Resumen

Introducción: La infancia es una etapa crucial para el desarrollo de la competencia motora y la adopción de hábitos saludables, como la actividad física, el sueño adecuado y la limitación del tiempo frente a pantallas.

Objetivo: Caracterizar la competencia motora de niños de 3 a 5 años y verificar su relación con los hábitos de actividad física programada, el sedentarismo y la duración del sueño.

Métodos: Estudio exploratorio transversal con 98 niños (59 niñas y 39 niños) de la red pública de educación preescolar de Beja, Portugal. Se evaluaron las habilidades motoras mediante la batería MOBAK-KG, y se recopilaron datos sobre actividad física, tiempo frente a pantallas y sueño mediante el cuestionario AF1 de la Encuesta Nacional de Alimentación y Actividad Física.

Resultados: La competencia motora global promedio fue de 9,62 ± 3,57 puntos, sin diferencias significativas entre géneros (p > 0,05). Ningún niño cumplió simultáneamente las tres recomendaciones de movimiento de 24 horas; el 31,5 % cumplió con la recomendación de tiempo frente a pantallas y el 18 % con la recomendación de sueño. Se observaron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre mayores niveles de competencia motora y el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones sobre el tiempo de sueño (χ²=10,3; p=0,006) y el tiempo frente a pantallas (χ²=9,9; p=0,007). Las asociaciones fueron consistentes en las subescalas: manipulación (p=0,004) y locomoción (p=0,005 para el tiempo frente a pantallas; p=0,024 para el sueño).

Conclusiones: Los resultados resaltan la necesidad de implementar estrategias educativas que promuevan la actividad física regular, la limitación del tiempo frente a pantallas y una rutina de sueño adecuada para mejorar el desarrollo motor en la infancia.

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03-04-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Loureiro, V., Trindade, S., Sabino, B., Mendes, R., & Murta, L. (2026). Habilidades motoras y movimiento de 24 horas en niños preescolares. Retos, 77, 941-953. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.116981