¿Masaje deportivo o ejercicio activo para aliviar el DOMS? Una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis en población sana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.117195Palabras clave:
Terapia de ejercicio activo, creatina quinasa, dolor muscular de aparición tardía , masaje deportivo, rango de movimiento, recuperación muscularResumen
Introducción: El dolor muscular de aparición tardía (DOMS) suele manifestarse entre 24 y 72 horas después del ejercicio excéntrico y puede afectar negativamente al rendimiento, la recuperación y la capacidad funcional. La terapia de masaje deportivo (SMT) y la terapia de ejercicio activo (AET) se utilizan con frecuencia para aliviar los síntomas del DOMS; sin embargo, su eficacia comparativa sigue siendo incierta.
Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática y metaanálisis tuvo como objetivo comparar los efectos de la SMT y la AET sobre el dolor muscular, el rango de movimiento (ROM) y los niveles de creatina quinasa (CK) en adultos sanos que presentan DOMS inducido por el ejercicio.
Metodología: Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas en cuatro bases de datos electrónicas (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Google Scholar) para identificar ensayos controlados aleatorizados publicados entre noviembre de 2004 y octubre de 2020. Los participantes elegibles fueron adultos sanos de 18 a 60 años que recibieron SMT (técnicas manuales de masaje) o AET (actividad ligera a moderada ≤70% de la FCmáx) tras ejercicio excéntrico. La síntesis de datos se realizó con Review Manager 5.4 utilizando un modelo de efectos aleatorios para calcular las diferencias de medias estandarizadas (SMD) con intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC). La calidad metodológica se evaluó mediante la herramienta TESTEX y la heterogeneidad se cuantificó con la estadística I².
Resultados: Treinta y nueve ensayos (n = 1,148) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, con 27 intervenciones de SMT y 17 de AET. La SMT redujo significativamente el dolor muscular en comparación con el control y mostró una tendencia más consistente hacia mejoras del ROM y reducciones de CK. La AET produjo un alivio moderado y una recuperación variable del ROM. La calidad metodológica general fue de moderada a alta.
Conclusiones: Tanto la SMT como la AET son estrategias eficaces para el DOMS inducido por ejercicio; sin embargo, la SMT parece ofrecer mejoras más consistentes a corto plazo.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Muhammad Syazani Sohaimi, Noor Fatihah Ilias, Afryna Batrisyia Md Soberi, Noorfahzarina Amiuliya Abu Bakar, Mazlifah Omar, George Thomas, Mazlifah Sajadi, Hosni Hasan, Raja Mohammed Firhad Raja Azidin, Hashbullah Ismail
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