Disfunción autonómica persistente después de COVID-19 leve: evidencia de la respuesta ortostática de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.117526

Palabras clave:

Control autonómico cardiovascular, COVID-19, sensibilidad barorrefleja, variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca

Resumen

Introducción: Se han reportado alteraciones autonómicas tras la COVID-19 en personas con enfermedad leve.

Objetivo: Investigar los efectos a largo plazo de la COVID-19 no hospitalizada sobre la regulación autonómica cardiovascular, centrándose en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC), la variabilidad de la presión arterial (VPA) y la sensibilidad barorrefleja (SBA).

Metodología: Ochenta y cinco hombres sedentarios de entre 35 y 55 años fueron asignados al grupo CONTROL (n = 43), evaluados antes de la pandemia de COVID-19, y al grupo COVID-19 (n = 42), evaluados al menos seis meses después de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Se obtuvieron registros continuos de la frecuencia cardíaca y la presión arterial en decúbito supino y en bipedestación activa. La VFC, la VPA y la SBA se analizaron mediante métodos lineales y no lineales.

Resultados: Las variables antropométricas y hemodinámicas basales no difirieron entre los grupos. En decúbito supino, los índices de VFC fueron comparables, excepto por la entropía aproximada en el grupo con COVID-19 (1,46 ± 0,14 frente a 1,35 ± 0,13; p = 0,020). Durante la ortostasis, el grupo con COVID-19 mostró una reducción de las oscilaciones de baja frecuencia (BF) de la VFC (70 ± 17 frente a 81 ± 10 %; p < 0,001), una menor relación BF/alta frecuencia (4,12 ± 3,70 frente a 6,7 ​​± 4,4; p < 0,001) y una disminución de la desviación estándar (DE2) de la escala de Poincaré (45 ± 14 frente a 51 ± 19 ms; p = 0,048). Las respuestas de BPV y BRS al estrés postural fueron similares entre los grupos.

Discusión: Estos hallazgos indican que las personas recuperadas de una COVID-19 leve presentan alteraciones sutiles y persistentes en la dinámica de la frecuencia cardíaca durante el desafío postural, lo que sugiere una adaptación autonómica incompleta al estrés fisiológico.

Conclusión: La COVID-19 leve podría estar asociada con alteraciones autonómicas persistentes durante el estrés fisiológico.

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Publicado

02-02-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Veiga, A. C., Chinellato, N., Correia Gimenez, L., Aguilar, B. A., Martins Bernal, J. V., Vieira Philbois, S., de Paula Facioli, T., & Dutra de Souza, H. C. (2026). Disfunción autonómica persistente después de COVID-19 leve: evidencia de la respuesta ortostática de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca. Retos, 77, 274-284. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.117526