La influencia del apoyo social, la ansiedad y la autoconfianza en el rendimiento máximo de los atletas de bádminton: el papel mediador de la fortaleza mental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.117760Palabras clave:
apoyo social, ansiedad, autoconfianza, fortaleza mental, rendimiento máximoResumen
Introducción: Este estudio explora los efectos del apoyo social, la ansiedad y la autoconfianza en el rendimiento máximo de los jóvenes atletas de bádminton, destacando el papel mediador de la fortaleza mental. Aunque investigaciones previas han resaltado estos factores psicológicos, existe evidencia limitada sobre cómo la fortaleza mental traduce dichos recursos en resultados óptimos.
Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es analizar las influencias directas e indirectas del apoyo social, la ansiedad y la autoconfianza en el rendimiento máximo, con la fortaleza mental como variable mediadora.
Metodología: Se aplicó un diseño cuantitativo explicativo con 214 atletas seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio simple de una población de 418 jugadores activos en clubes de bádminton de Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Se utilizaron instrumentos validados: PASS-Q (apoyo social), SAS-2Id (ansiedad), Cuestionario de Confianza Deportiva, una escala de rendimiento adaptada de Potgieter & Kidd (2011) y MTIid (fortaleza mental). Los datos fueron analizados mediante PLS-SEM utilizando SmartPLS 4.0.
Resultados: El apoyo social mejoró significativamente tanto el rendimiento máximo (t = 2.948; p = 0.003) como la fortaleza mental (t = 4.034; p = 0.000). La ansiedad afectó negativamente el rendimiento máximo (t = 3.757; p = 0.000) y la fortaleza mental (t = 3.874; p = 0.000). La autoconfianza influyó positivamente en el rendimiento máximo (t = 10.481; p = 0.000) y en la fortaleza mental (t = 9.784; p = 0.000). La fortaleza mental, a su vez, mejoró el rendimiento máximo (t = 4.284; p = 0.000) y medió de forma significativa los efectos del apoyo social (t = 3.176; p = 0.002), la ansiedad (t = 2.811; p = 0.005) y la autoconfianza (t = 3.723; p = 0.000).
Conclusiones: El apoyo social, la ansiedad y la autoconfianza influyen de manera significativa en el rendimiento máximo, tanto de forma directa como indirecta, a través de la fortaleza mental. Se recomienda que los entrenadores fortalezcan la resiliencia mental de los atletas, fomenten entornos de apoyo, refuercen la confianza y gestionen la ansiedad para optimizar el éxito competitivo.
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