Modelo de regresión logística multivariante para la predicción del riesgo de caídas basado en el rendimiento físico en personas mayores que viven en la comunidad

Autores/as

  • Noppharath Sangkarit University of Phayao, School of Allied Health Sciences
  • Weerasak Tapanya University of Phayao School of Allied Health Sciences
  • Puttipong Poncumhak University of Phayao, School of Allied Health Sciences
  • Patchareeya Amput University of Phayao, School of Allied Health Sciences
  • Saisunee Konsanit University of Phayao, School of Allied Health Sciences

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.117848

Palabras clave:

Predicción del riesgo de caídas, Personas mayores , Fuerza en las extremidades inferiores, Prueba de "Timed Up and Go", Prueba de "Power Sit-to-Stand", Regresión logística multivariante

Resumen

Introducción: Las caídas en adultos mayores conducen a una morbilidad significativa y aumentan los costos en atención médica. Las medidas de rendimiento físico, como la fuerza, la movilidad y el equilibrio, son cruciales para la predicción del riesgo de caídas, pero las evaluaciones existentes a menudo dependen de medidas individuales, lo que puede no capturar completamente el riesgo de caídas.

Objetivo: Desarrollar un modelo de regresión logística multivariante para la predicción del riesgo de caídas, integrando la relación fuerza-músculo de las extremidades inferiores/peso corporal (LS/BW), la prueba de "Timed Up and Go" (TTUGT) y la prueba de "Power Sit-to-Stand" (PSTS).

Metodología: Se analizaron los datos de 108 personas mayores que viven en la comunidad (edad media de 65.59 ± 4.32 años). Los participantes realizaron evaluaciones de rendimiento físico, que incluyeron TTUGT, la medición de fuerza muscular máxima voluntaria de las extremidades inferiores (MVIC), la relación LS/BW y el PSTS. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística binaria para analizar la relación entre estas variables y el riesgo de caídas, evaluando el desempeño del modelo mediante el AUC de la curva característica de operación del receptor (ROC).
Resultados: El modelo, que incorpora la relación LS/BW, TTUGT y PSTS, explicó el 70.6% de la varianza en el riesgo de caídas. Los predictores significativos incluyeron una menor relación LS/BW (adj.OR = 0.980), tiempos más largos en TTUGT (adj.OR = 1.617) y valores más bajos en PSTS (adj.OR = 0.953). La ecuación del "Fall Risk Score" proporciona una herramienta práctica para identificar a las personas de alto riesgo.

Conclusión: El modelo multivariante predice efectivamente el riesgo de caídas, ofreciendo una herramienta confiable para el cribado y la prevención del riesgo de caídas en adultos mayores, apoyando intervenciones personalizadas para reducir la incidencia de caídas.

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Publicado

02-02-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Sangkarit, N., Tapanya, W., Poncumhak, P., Amput, P., & Konsanit, S. (2026). Modelo de regresión logística multivariante para la predicción del riesgo de caídas basado en el rendimiento físico en personas mayores que viven en la comunidad. Retos, 75, 583-595. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.117848