Modelos explicativos de los fisioterapeutas españoles sobre el dolor lumbar y sus factores asociados

Autores/as

  • Julia Jubany Universitat de Vic Universitat Central de Catalunya
  • Olga Borao Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC)  Avinguda Universitària 4-6, 08242, Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
  • Albert Espelt Departament de Psicologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona   08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona Spain
  • Daniel Paton Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC)  Avinguda Universitària 4-6, 08242, Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
  • Mireia Campoy-Vila Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC)  Avinguda Universitària 4-6, 08242, Manresa, Barcelona, Spain

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.117865

Palabras clave:

dolor lumbar, modelo biopsicosocial, Especialidad de Fisioterapia, modelo biomédico, modelo explicativo

Resumen

Antecedentes/Objetivos: A pesar de los nuevos conocimientos sobre el dolor, la creencia de que el dolor y la discapacidad se deben únicamente a deficiencias estructurales sigue prevaleciendo entre los fisioterapeutas, lo que a menudo se correlaciona con peores resultados clínicos. Este estudio pretende describir los modelos explicativos (ME) del dolor lumbar (LBP) que utilizan los fisioterapeutas españoles y analizar los factores asociados.  

Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal con fisioterapeutas españoles (N=204). Los EM de los fisioterapeutas se estimaron mediante los cuestionarios Relación entre Dolor y Discapacidad en Profesionales de la Salud (HC-PAIRS), Creencias y Actitudes ante el Dolor para Fisioterapeutas (PABS-PT) y Miedo-Evitación (FABQ). Los factores asociados estudiados fueron la edad, el sexo, la formación recibida y la experiencia profesional. Se realizaron medianas con un intervalo de confianza del 95% y una regresión lineal multivariante.  

Resultados: Los factores asociados con los ME de los fisioterapeutas españoles fueron poseer solo una licenciatura en fisioterapia de 3 años, tener más de 25 años de experiencia profesional y una formación limitada en dolor. Las medianas del cuestionario muestran una pendiente descendente desde las titulaciones de 3 años hasta las de 4 años y los estudios de posgrado. Sin embargo, solo un título de 3 años difiere significativamente de los estudios de posgrado [HC-PAIRS Coef = 7 (IC del 95 %: 2,32-11,68); PABS-PT Coef = 6 (IC del 95 %: 1,70-10,30); FABQ Coef = 10 (IC del 95 %: 3,04-16,96)] y no difiere de un título de 4 años.  

Conclusiones: Los fisioterapeutas españoles mantienen, en gran medida, un ME biomédico para el dolor lumbar. La formación de posgrado y específica para el dolor se asocia con una transición hacia perspectivas menos biomédicas, mientras que los programas de grado de 3 o 4 años no muestran ningún impacto a pesar de los cambios en los enfoques terapéuticos introducidos en el grado de 4 años. La formación de pregrado en fisioterapia debería hacer mayor hincapié en la integración de un enfoque biopsicosocial. 

Biografía del autor/a

  • Julia Jubany, Universitat de Vic Universitat Central de Catalunya

    Júlia Jubany is Head of the Department of Physiotherapy of the Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC)  

  • Olga Borao, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC)  Avinguda Universitària 4-6, 08242, Manresa, Barcelona, Spain

    Olga Borao is the Physiotherapy Coordinator of the External Clinical Placements of the Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC)  

  • Albert Espelt, Departament de Psicologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona   08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona Spain

    Albert Espelt Albert Espelt is the Vice Dean for Student Affairs and Promotion of Departament de Psicologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 

  • Daniel Paton, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC)  Avinguda Universitària 4-6, 08242, Manresa, Barcelona, Spain

    Daniel Paton Sanchez-Migallon was a student in Master's degree in Physiotherapy of the Musculoskeletal System at the Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC)  

  • Mireia Campoy-Vila, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC)  Avinguda Universitària 4-6, 08242, Manresa, Barcelona, Spain

    Mireia Campoy-Vila is the Coordinator of Problem-based learning for the Physiotherapy of Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC)  

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Publicado

21-01-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Jubany, J., Borao, O., Espelt, A., Paton, D., & Campoy-Vila, M. (2026). Modelos explicativos de los fisioterapeutas españoles sobre el dolor lumbar y sus factores asociados. Retos, 77, 143-153. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.117865