Prevalencia de trastornos ortopédicos entre trabajadores de oficina y manuales: un estudio comparativo

Autores/as

  • Amira E. M. Abd El Hay Assistant professor of physical therapy, Rehabilitation sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al al-BAYT University, El Mafraq, Jordon
  • Mohamed S. Zidan Assistant professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan ,Amman, Jordan https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8464-4547
  • Doaa Tammam Atia Associate professor at the department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Suez University, Suez, Egypt. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5424-0964
  • Nader Elsayed Assistant professor of physical therapy for orthopedic and orthopedic surgery Ahram Canadian university ACU
  • Walaa Swar Lecturer in department of physical therapy for women’s health, faculty of physical therapy, Suez university https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3754-960X
  • Lamyaa Fergany Lecturer Department of physical therapy for neurological and neurosurgical disorders, Faculty of physical therapy, Lotus University, Al Minya, Egypt
  • Emad Makram Ghattas Assistant professor of physical therapy for surgery and burn and integumentary disorders, Department of physical therapy for surgery and burn and integumentary disorders, faculty of physical therapy, Suez canal university, ismailia governorate, Egypt
  • Mai Mousa Lecturer of physical therapy, Department of Physical Therapy for Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.118105

Palabras clave:

Trastornos musculoesqueléticos, WinOWAS, cuestionario nórdico, empleados de oficina

Resumen

Antecedentes: Los empleados y trabajadores manuales suelen quejarse a diario de posturas incómodas y agotadoras debido a la escasez de personal, especialmente en universidades públicas.

Objetivo: Estudiar la relación entre los trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) y las posturas laborales del personal de fisioterapia y los trabajadores manuales de la Facultad de Fisioterapia de la Universidad de Suez, Egipto.

Métodos: Se utilizó el Cuestionario Nórdico de Trastornos Musculoesqueléticos (NMQ) para evaluar los trastornos musculoesqueléticos del personal de fisioterapia. Asimismo, se aplicó el Sistema de Evaluación de Posturas de Trabajo de Ovako (OWAS) para evaluar, analizar y categorizar las posturas laborales repetitivas en 100 personas, entre personal de fisioterapia y trabajadores manuales. El método OWAS se procesó con el software WinOWAS e incluyó 16 posturas laborales. Los datos recopilados se analizaron estadísticamente con Excel y SPSS.

Resultados: El NMQ indicó que el 61 % del personal de fisioterapia y el 79 % del personal de trabajadores manuales presentaron TME en al menos una parte del cuerpo durante el último año. Los trastornos ortopédicos más comunes fueron el dolor lumbar (73%), cervical (69%) y de hombro (60%). Los resultados del OWAS clasificaron 7 posturas (44%) en la categoría 1 con 64 frecuencias, 6 posturas (38%) en la categoría 2 con 30 frecuencias y 3 posturas (19%) en la categoría 3 con 6 frecuencias.

Conclusión: Los dolores más frecuentes se localizaron en la zona lumbar entre el personal de fisioterapia y en el cuello entre los trabajadores manuales. La postura de trabajo 4222 del OWAS (categoría 3) mostró una correlación altamente significativa con los trastornos musculoesqueléticos lumbares y una correlación parcial con los trastornos musculoesqueléticos cervicales. Asimismo, las posturas de trabajo 2221 y 2222 (categoría 2) se correlacionaron significativamente con los trastornos musculoesqueléticos lumbares y cervicales.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Mohamed S. Zidan, Assistant professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan ,Amman, Jordan

    Dr. Mohamed S. Zidan

    Assistant professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan ,Amman, Jordan. drmohzidan2015@gmail.com

     ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8464-4547

  • Doaa Tammam Atia, Associate professor at the department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Suez University, Suez, Egypt.

    Doaa Tammam Atia

    Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Suez University, Suez, Egypt.

    Doaa.tammam@the.suezuni.edu.eg

    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5424-0964

  • Nader Elsayed, Assistant professor of physical therapy for orthopedic and orthopedic surgery Ahram Canadian university ACU

    Nader ibrahim elsayed

    Assistant professor of physical therapy for orthopedic and orthopedic surgery

    Ahram Canadian university ACU

    nader.ibrahim@acu.edu.eg

  • Walaa Swar, Lecturer in department of physical therapy for women’s health, faculty of physical therapy, Suez university

    Walaa khamis Mohammed swar

    Lecturer in department of physical therapy for women’s health, faculty of physical therapy, Suez university

    Walaa.swar@the.Suzuni.edu.eg

    https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3754-960X

  • Lamyaa Fergany, Lecturer Department of physical therapy for neurological and neurosurgical disorders, Faculty of physical therapy, Lotus University, Al Minya, Egypt

    Lamyaa Ahmed Fergany

    Lecturer Department of physical therapy for neurological and neurosurgical disorders, Faculty of physical therapy, Lotus University, Al Minya, Egypt

    lamyaa.fergany@lum.edu.eg

  • Emad Makram Ghattas, Assistant professor of physical therapy for surgery and burn and integumentary disorders, Department of physical therapy for surgery and burn and integumentary disorders, faculty of physical therapy, Suez canal university, ismailia governorate, Egypt

    Emad makram ghattas

    Assistant professor of physical therapy for surgery and burn and integumentary disorders,

    Department of physical therapy for surgery and burn and integumentary disorders, faculty of physical therapy, Suez canal university, ismailia governorate, Egypt

  • Mai Mousa, Lecturer of physical therapy, Department of Physical Therapy for Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.

    Mai E. Mousa

    Lecturer of physical therapy, Department of Physical Therapy for Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.

    Mai_Ezzat@pt.kfs.edu.eg

Referencias

Abdel Raoof NA, EL-Desoky, ESM and Farag Y (2014) Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorder among Egyptian Physiotherapists, Bull Fac Physical Therapy Cairo University, 19(1): 1-9; https://doi.org/10.1186/s43161-021-00025-z

Adegoke BA, Akodu AK and Oyeyemi AL (2008) Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Nige-rian Physiotherapists, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 9: 112. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-9-112

AlAnazi, M., & Mani, P. (2025). Breaking the backbone of productivity: work-related musculoskeletal pain among KSAU-HS employees and its impact on performance and rehabilitation strate-gies. Retos, 70, 1255-1263.‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.116889

Alberto B, Stefano SS and Marco Z (2014) A biomechanical analysis system of posture, Pervasive Health '14 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare May 20 - 23, 2014, ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering) ICST, Brussels, Belgium: 41-48. https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2014.254944

Al-Eisa E, Buragadda S, Shaheen AAM, Ibrahim A and Melam GR (2012) Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Causes, Prevalence and Response Among Egyptian and Saudi Physical Therapists, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 12 (4): 523-529. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-014-0238-3

Alrowayeh HN, Talal AA, Sameera HA, Majda F, Mishayek MA and Sahar SA (2010) Prevalence, charac-teristics and impacts of work-related musculoskeletal disorders: a survey among physical ther-apists in the State of Kuwait BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 11: 116-122. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-11-116

Anyfantis ID and Biska A (2018) Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Greek Physiotherapists Traditional and Emerging Risk Factors Journal of Safety and Health at Work, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2017.09.003

Bartnicka J (2015) Knowledge-based ergonomic assessment of working conditions in surgical ward- A case study Safety Science 71: 178-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.08.010

Best M (1997) An evaluation of Manutention training in preventing back strain and resultant injuries in nurses In Occupational Injury Symposium, 207-222, Sydney, Austra-lia. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-7535(97)00003-9

Burdorf FJ, Govaert G and Elders L (1991) Postural load and back pain of workers in the manufacturing of prefabricated concrete elements Ergonomics, 34(7): 909-918. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139108964834

Campo M, Weisner S, Koenig KL and Nordin M (2008) "Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in physical therapists a prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up" Physical Therapy 88(5): 608-619. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20070127

Cobos-Bermeo, N. A., Barreto-Andrade, J. A., Aldas-Arcos, H. G., Abril-Ulloa, S. V., & Encalada-Torres, L. E. (2025). Prevalencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos asociados a variables antropométri-cas en el personal administrativo de la Universidad de Cuenca. Retos, 73, 40-55.‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117031

Cromie JE, Robertson VJ and Best MO (2000) Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in physical ther-apists prevalence, severity, risks, and responses Physical Therapy, 80(4): 336-351. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/80.4.336

Doaa TA, Faten HA and Hamdy R (2015) Impact of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders on Egyp-tian Pediatric Physical Therapists One-Year Follow-Up Study, Trends in Applied Sciences Re-search 10(3): 175-182. https://doi.org/10.3923/tasr.2015.175.182

Engels JA, Landeweerd JA, Kant Y (1994) An OWAS-based analysis of nurses working postures Ergo-nomics 37: 909-919. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139408963700

Engels JA, van der Gulden JWJ, Senden TF, Kolk JJ, Binkhorst RA (1998) The effects of an ergonomic-educational course- Postural load, perceived physical exertion, and biomechanical errors in nursing International archives of occupational and environmental health 71: 336-342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004200050289

Fraley, R C, and Vazire, S (2014) The N-pact factor: Evaluating the quality of empirical journals with respect to sample size and statistical power PloS one, 9 (10), e109019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109019

Fuller JR (2011) Biomechanical analysis of posture and movement coordination during a fatiguing, repetitive upper limb task, PhD thesis at Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montréal

Gharote G, Piwal P, Yeole U, Adakkite R and Gawali P (2016) Prevalence of common work related musculoskeletal pain in physiotherapy practioners, European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 3(5): 398-402

Glover W, McGregor A, Sullivan C and Hague J (2005) Work-related musculoskeletal disorders affecting members of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy Physiotherapy, 91: 138–147

Greenwood, PE and Nikulin, MS (1996) A guide to chi-squared testing, New York: Wiley ISBN 0-471-55779-X

Grimmer K, Williams J, Pitt M (2000) Reliability of adolescents’ self-report of recent recreational injury Journal of Adolesc Health, 27: 273–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(00)00119-1

Hassan, M. G., Ali, A. F. M., Samy, H., Hamdy, M., Attia, A. S. A., El-Din, S. S., Ahmed, S. S. M., Bondok, S. M. M., Abdelaziz, S. S., Hassan, E. J., & Hassan, S. S. (2025). Telerehabilitation for carpal tunnel syn-drome: A new treatment style with new possibilities: A randomized controlled trial. Retos, 72, 1141–1150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.117333

Hignett S (1994) Using computerized OWAS for postural analysis of nursing work In Ergonomics-Societys 1994 Annual Conference-Contemporary Ergonomics 1994 Ergonomics for All, 253-258, Coventry, England. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482272574-42

Ike EC, Nwonu EI, Ugwu SN, Obidike OR, Molobe ID and Abolarin O (2017) Work-related musculoskel-etal disorder among health workers: a cross-sectional survey of National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, Journal of Scientific Research and Studies, 4(11): 318-332

Janagiraman, R., Subramanian, S. S., Srivatsan, M., Vishnuram, S., Alfawaz, S. S., Ramanathan, K., ... & Raj, N. B. (2025). Comparison of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle stretches in the man-agement of symptomatic non specific cervical pain. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación físi-ca, deportey recreación, 68, 1971-1978.‏ https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.113822

Kahraman T, Genc A and Goz E (2016) The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire: cross-cultural adap-tation into Turkish assessing its psychometric properties, Journal of Disability and Rehabilita-tion, 38 (21): 2153-2160. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1114034

Kant IJ, Dejong LCGM, Vanrijssenmoll M and Borm PJA (1992) A survey of static and dynamic work postures of operating-room staff International archives of occupational and environmental health 63: 423-428 https//doi 101007/BF00386939

Karhu 0, Kansi P, Kuorinka I (1977) Correcting working postures in industry A practical method for analysis Applied Ergonomics 8: 199-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(77)90164-8

Kisner C and Colby LA (2012) Therapeutic exercise: foundations and techniques. Fa Davis; Oct. 2012

Kulagowska E (2008) The musculoskeletal system load during work performed by nurse anesthetists Medycyna Pracy, 59: 287-292

Kulagowska E (2009) Musculoskeletal system load in operating room nurses and its determinants Medycyna Pracy, 60: 187-195. https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.2013.0042

Kuorinka L, Jonson B, Kilbom A, Viterberg H, Bierning-Sorensen F, Andersson G and Jorgense, K (1987) Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of muskuloskeletal symptoms; Appl Ergon, 18: 233–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(87)90010-x

Malarvizhi D, Kumar MK and Sivakumar PR (2017) Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disor-ders among clinical and teaching physiotherapists -an observational study, International Jour-nal of Physiotherapy 4(2): 86-92. https://doi.org/10.15621/ijphy/2017/v4i2/141946

Moreira HSB, Moreira MB, Vilagra JM, Galvão I M, de Oliveira AS and de Lima AC (2012) Analysis of the compensatory postures adopted by day caregivers through OWASOvako Working Posture Ana-lysing System Working-a journal of prevention assessment and rehabilitation (41): 5746-5748. https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-0939-5746

Muaidi, QI and Shanb, AA (2016) Prevalence causes and impact of work related musculoskeletal disor-ders among physical therapists, Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 29(4): 763-769. https://doi.org/10.3233/bmr-160687

Nazari H, Mahjoob HH, Tapak L and Mortazavi SS (2017) Prevalence of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Injuries in Occupational and Physical Therapists and Its Comparison Iranian Re-habilitation Journal, 15(1): 31-36. https://doi.org/10.18869/nrip.irj.15.1.31

Nordin NM, Leonard JH and Thye NC (2011) Work-related injuries among physiotherapists in public hospitals—a Southeast Asian picture, Clinical Science, 66(3): 373-378. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1807-59322011000300002

Nyland LJ and Grimmer KA (2003) Is undergraduate physiotherapy study a risk factor for low back pain? A prevalence study of LBP in physiotherapy students BMC Musculoskeletel Disorders, 4: 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-4-22

Pedraza-Ricra, D., Basauri-Delgado, M., Santiago, R. J. M., & Saintila, J. (2025). Influence of kinanthro-pometric characteristics on spinal health among Peruvian university students. Retos, 73, 288-299.‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.115780

Plackett, RL (1983) Karl Pearson and the Chi-Squared Test" International Statistical Review, Interna-tional Statistical Institute (ISI) 51 (1): 59–72 doi:102307/1402731 JSTOR 1402731

Quijano Duarte, S. A., Mantilla Toloza, S. C., Arregoces Mieles, J. M., Espinosa Méndez, C. M., Flores Chico, B., & Martínez Torres, J. (2025). Physical activity level, anthropometric markers and lifestyles in physiotherapy. Retos, 69, 710-722. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.114220

Ratu, J. M., Nendissa, D. R., Lerik, M. D. C., Sawo, E. B., & Roga, A. U. (2025). Ergonomic interventions based on stretching to relieve low back pain and work fatigue in nurses. Retos: nuevas tenden-cias en educación física, deportey recreación, 69, 1106-1118.‏ https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.115188

Safee MKM, Abas WABW, Osman NAA and Ibrahim F (2011) Activity of Upper Body Muscles during Bowing and Prostration Tasks in Healthy Subjects. In: Osman N.A.A., Abas W.A.B.W., Wahab A.K.A., Ting HN. (eds) 5th Kuala Lumpur International Conference on Biomedical Engineering 2011. IFMBE Proceedings, vol 35. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21729-6_34

Saleh, M. S., Shahien, M., Mortada, H., Elaraby, A., Hammad, Y. S., Hamed, M., & Elshennawy, S. (2024). High-intensity versus low-level laser in musculoskeletal disorders. Lasers in Medical Science, 39(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-024-04111-1

Salik Y and Ozcan A (2004) "Work-related musculoskeletal disorders a survey of physical therapist in Izmir, Turkey, "BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 5(27). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-5-27

Silverstein BA, Fine LJ, and Armstrong TJ (2010). Occupational factors and carpal tunnel syndrome Am J Ind Med, 11(1): 343-358. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700110310

Stricevic J, Balantic Z, Turk Z and Celan D (2009). Ergonomic analysis of workload diminution by the use of assistive technical equipment at nursing care Healthmed 3: 212-218.

Takala EP, Pehkonen I, Forsman M, Hansson GA, Mathiassen SE, Neumann WP, Sjogaard G, Veiersted KB, Westgaard RH and Winkel J (2010). Systematic evaluation of observational methods asses-sing biomechanical exposures at work Scandinavian journal of work environment & health 36: 3-24. https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14639964

Tinubu M S, Bolanle C E, Mbada A L, Oyeyemi and Ayodele A F (2010). Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Nurses in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey, BMC Musculo-skeletal Disorders, 11(12), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-11-12

Trinkoff A, Lipscomb A and Geiger-Brown J (2002). Musculoskeletal problems of the neck, shoulder and back and functional consequences in nurses American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 41: 170–178. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10048

Verdugo, S. A. A., Cuevas, K. G., Cabezas, G. R., & Silva, S. P. G. (2025). Entrenamiento de fuerza lúdico social y su efecto en las caídas en personas mayores. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación fí-sica, deportey recreación, 71, 451-458.‏ https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.116403

Wahyudi MA, Dania WAP and Silalahi RLR (2015). Work Posture Analysis of Manual Material Handling Using OWAS Method In International Conference on Agro-industry (ICoA) Competitive and sus-tainable Agro-industry for Human Welfare (IcoA), 195-199, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.01.038

WHO. (2022, July 14). Musculoskeletal health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/musculoskeletal-conditions. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/musculoskeletal-conditions

Yudho, F. H. P., Fachrezzy, F., & Dlis, F. (2025). Unravelling the Impact of Physical Activity on Postural Stability: An Experimental Study of University Students. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deportey recreación, 68, 13-23.‏ https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.113330

Zenija R, Kalkis H and Roja I (2015). Measuring muscle Fatigue in relation to the workload of health care workers, 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2015) and the Affiliated Conferences, AHFE 2015, Procedia Manufacturing, 3: 4189 – 4196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.394

Descargas

Publicado

02-02-2026

Número

Vol. 75 (2026)

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2025 Amira E. M. Abd El Hay, Mohamed S. Zidan, Doaa Tammam Atia, Nader Elsayed, Walaa Swar, Lamyaa Fergany, Emad Makram Ghattas, Mai Mousa

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.

Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:

    1. Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
    2. Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
    3. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).

Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess

Cómo citar

E. M. Abd El Hay, A., Zidan, M. S., Atia, D. T., Elsayed, N., Swar, W., Fergany, L., Ghattas, E. M., & Mousa, M. (2026). Prevalencia de trastornos ortopédicos entre trabajadores de oficina y manuales: un estudio comparativo. Retos, 75, 835-858. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.118105