Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza isométrica en personas con cáncer: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.118162Palabras clave:
Cáncer, ejercicio, entrenamiento isométrico, funcionamiento físico, calidad de vidaResumen
Introducción: El entrenamiento de fuerza isométrica se propuso como una alternativa segura para personas con movilidad restringida o con acceso limitado al equipamiento. Sin embargo, sus efectos específicos en personas con cáncer no habían sido sintetizados.
Objetivo: El objetivo fue resumir los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza isométrica en personas con cáncer y derivar recomendaciones prácticas para su implementación en contextos clínicos y comunitarios.
Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices de los Ítems de Referencia Preferidos para Publicaciones de Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metaanálisis. Se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos electrónicas, incluyendo PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, de estudios publicados hasta el 23 de septiembre de 2024. La calidad metodológica se evaluó con la escala de la Base de Datos de Evidencia en Fisioterapia en ensayos con medidas pre y post intervención y asignación aleatoria a grupos experimental y de control.
Resultados: De 262 registros identificados, 13 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, con un total de 1.021 participantes, de los cuales 371 recibieron intervenciones de entrenamiento de fuerza isométrica. La mayoría de los programas se dirigieron a mujeres con cáncer de mama y enfatizaron ejercicios isométricos de las extremidades superiores. Al menos la mitad de los estudios evaluaron la fuerza de prensión manual, y las intervenciones tuvieron, por lo general, una duración igual o superior a ocho semanas con sesiones de una hora.
Discusión: Los programas revisados mejoraron, en general, la fuerza muscular y ciertos resultados funcionales, en consonancia con investigaciones previas sobre entrenamiento de fuerza en oncología, pero la considerable variación en el tipo de ejercicio, el volumen y la supervisión limitó las comparaciones directas entre estudios.
Conclusiones: El entrenamiento de isométrico pareció ser viable y adaptable para personas con cáncer y mostró beneficios prometedores, pero los ensayos futuros deberían estandarizar el diseño de los programas y las medidas de resultado para optimizar su implementación.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
