Entrenamiento integrado a través de juegos reducidos: efectos sobre el compromiso táctico de los futbolistas. Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.118254Palabras clave:
Compromiso táctico, Entrenamiento integrado, Fútbol , Juegos reducidos , Restricciones de la tareaResumen
Antecedentes: Los juegos reducidos (SSGs) se emplean habitualmente en el fútbol como un enfoque de entrenamiento integrado que favorece mejoras simultáneas en los dominios físico, técnico y táctico de los jugadores. Aunque numerosos estudios han examinado su papel en el rendimiento, los efectos de las restricciones específicas de la tarea sobre el compromiso táctico permanecen solo parcialmente esclarecidos.
Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo determinar cómo diferentes restricciones asociadas a los SSGs —incluidos el formato de juego, las dimensiones del campo, la categoría de edad, las modificaciones de las reglas y las instrucciones del entrenador— influyen en el compromiso táctico de los futbolistas.
Métodos: Siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en las bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed y Scopus. De los 305 registros identificados, 36 estudios cumplieron todos los criterios de inclusión y fueron analizados en detalle.
Resultados: En general, los resultados muestran que los formatos más reducidos tienden a estimular acciones tácticas individuales, mientras que los formatos más amplios promueven comportamientos colectivos coordinados. Los cambios en el tamaño del campo influyen en la forma en que los jugadores exploran el espacio y adaptan sus respuestas tácticas. Las modificaciones de la tarea, como las reglas de puntuación o los estímulos visuales, afectan la amplitud ofensiva y la compacidad defensiva. La edad y la experiencia también desempeñan un papel, ya que los jugadores más experimentados presentan patrones tácticos más estables.
Discusión: En comparación con la literatura previa, estos resultados coinciden con evidencias anteriores que destacan la sensibilidad del comportamiento táctico a la manipulación de las restricciones, a la vez que amplían el conocimiento actual al resaltar los efectos combinados e interactivos de múltiples variables de la tarea.
Conclusión: En conjunto, esta revisión sugiere que los SSGs constituyen una herramienta de entrenamiento eficaz para orientar el compromiso táctico, al tiempo que subraya la necesidad de diseños de investigación más sólidos y longitudinales.
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