Discordancia diagnóstica entre IMC y adiposidad en adultos físicamente activos

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.118279

Palabras clave:

Composición corporal, ejercicio, índice de masa corporal, obesidad, tejido adiposo

Resumen

Introducción: El índice de masa corporal se utiliza universalmente para clasificar el estado ponderal, pero su validez para reflejar la adiposidad real en poblaciones que realizan ejercicio físico regular es cuestionada. Resulta crítico analizar sus limitaciones estructurales frente a métodos que discriminan los componentes de la composición corporal.

Objetivo: El objetivo fue evaluar la concordancia diagnóstica y la exactitud del índice de masa corporal frente al porcentaje de grasa corporal, así como identificar los factores asociados a la discordancia en adultos físicamente activos.

Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo transversal con 973 participantes de un centro de acondicionamiento físico. Se comparó la clasificación ponderal de la organización mundial de la salud frente al porcentaje de grasa estimado por bioimpedancia eléctrica multifrecuencia según criterios del American Council on Exercise, analizando la concordancia mediante coeficiente kappa y modelos de regresión logística.

Resultados: Los resultados mostraron una concordancia prácticamente nula entre ambos métodos, con un coeficiente kappa de 0.03, y una sensibilidad de apenas el 23.3% del índice de masa corporal para detectar obesidad. La discordancia diagnóstica afectó al 34.3% de la muestra, siendo el nivel avanzado de experiencia en entrenamiento, con una razón de momios de 21.47, el principal predictor de error debido a la masa muscular.

Discusión: Se contrastaron los hallazgos con la literatura reciente, confirmando que el indicador antropométrico tradicional genera falsos positivos en sujetos con adaptaciones musculares y falsos negativos en casos de obesidad oculta con peso normal.

Conclusiones: Se concluye que el índice de masa corporal presenta una validez insuficiente para evaluar a adultos activos, por lo que resulta imperativo transicionar hacia métodos de composición corporal directa.

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Publicado

02-02-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Valle Flores, J. A., Rosado Álvarez, M. M., Ramírez Franco, J. M., Bello Tomalá, Y. del R., & Quezada Calle, E. R. (2026). Discordancia diagnóstica entre IMC y adiposidad en adultos físicamente activos. Retos, 75, 471-484. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.118279