Differencias sexuales en la composición corporal y la condición física de jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto

Autores/as

  • Cíntia França Universidade da Madeira
  • Francisco Martins Universidade da Madeira
  • Francisco Santos
  • Francisco Teixeira
  • Maciej Śliż
  • Krzysztof Przednowek
  • Helder Lopes
  • Élvio R. Gouveia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118335

Palabras clave:

Equilibrio postural, femenino, fuerza muscular , grasa corporal, masculino

Resumen

Introdución: Durante la adolescencia se observan diferencias entre sexos en las variables antropométricas, de composición corporal y de condición física.

Objetivo: Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: (1) explorar las diferencias en la antropometría, la composición corporal y el rendimiento de la condición física entre jóvenes jugadores y jugadoras de baloncesto, y (2) examinar las relaciones entre la composición corporal, la fuerza y el rendimiento del equilibrio.

Metodología: Cuarenta y nueve jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto de nivel regional (27 varones; edad media = 14.3 ± 1.2 años) fueron evaluados en cuanto a composición corporal, fuerza, velocidad, coordinación de los miembros superiores y rendimiento del equilibrio.

Resultados: Como era de esperar, los varones eran más altos (p = 0.002), presentaban menor grasa corporal (p < 0.001) y mayor masa libre de grasa (p < 0.002) que las mujeres. La grasa corporal se correlacionó significativamente con la fuerza (prensión manual: rs = −0.47, p < 0.001; salto con contramovimiento: rs = −0,72, p < 0,001; salto en sentadilla: rs = −0.73, p < 0.001; salto horizontal: rs = −0.76, p < 0.001), con la velocidad y la coordinación de los miembros superiores (rs = −0,32, p = 0.027) y con el rendimiento en el sprint de 20 m (rs = 0.72, p < 0.001), pero no con las tareas de equilibrio. La masa corporal y la masa libre de grasa se asociaron negativamente con el equilibrio, lo que indica un control postural reducido.

Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de tener en cuenta las diferencias entre sexos al desarrollar programas de entrenamiento para jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. Además, los entrenadores y su cuerpo técnico deberían monitorizar la composición corporal, en particular la grasa corporal, para mejorar la fuerza explosiva y la velocidad. La masa libre de grasa influye positivamente en la capacidad de equilibrio, lo que destaca el papel de la composición corporal en la condición física.

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Publicado

02-02-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

França, C., Martins, F., Santos, F., Teixeira, F., Śliż, M., Przednowek, K., Lopes, H., & Gouveia, Élvio R. (2026). Differencias sexuales en la composición corporal y la condición física de jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. Retos, 77, 382-390. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118335