Optimización del rendimiento del triple salto y de la biomecánica de la rodilla en patinadores artísticos juveniles: una evaluación longitudinal del entrenamiento con arnés rotacional en Kazajistán

Autores/as

  • Victoria Drazdova VSA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118343

Palabras clave:

Arnés rotacional, atletas adolescentes, biomecánica de la rodilla, patinaje artístico, salto triple

Resumen

Introducción: Los saltos triples son esenciales para la progresión competitiva en el patinaje artístico juvenil, pero imponen elevadas cargas mecánicas sobre la rodilla, aumentando el riesgo de lesiones por sobreuso. Este estudio evaluó los efectos a largo plazo del entrenamiento con arnés rotacional sobre la biomecánica del aterrizaje, la progresión técnica, la salud de la rodilla y la preparación psicológica en patinadores adolescentes.

Metodología: Veintiocho atletas femeninas de 11 a 15 años fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a un grupo con arnés (n = 14) o a un grupo control (n = 14) y seguidas durante 36 meses. Las evaluaciones mensuales incluyeron la fuerza de reacción del suelo (FRS), el ángulo de flexión de la rodilla, la velocidad rotacional (RPM), estudios de imagen clínica y valoraciones psicológicas.

Resultados: El grupo con arnés presentó una FRS máxima significativamente menor (5,6 ± 0,9 vs. 7,3 ± 1,2 × peso corporal, p < .001), mayor flexión de rodilla (35,2° ± 4,1° vs. 29,8° ± 5,3°, p = .006) y mayor RPM (412 ± 22 vs. 338 ± 30, p < .001). El dominio del salto triple se alcanzó antes en el grupo con arnés (13,5 ± 0,4 vs. 14,1 ± 0,5 años, p = .002). Los resultados psicológicos favorecieron al grupo con arnés, con mayor estabilidad percibida, mayor confianza y menor temor a la lesión (todos p < .001). La incidencia de patología de rodilla fue menor en el grupo con arnés (2 vs. 6 casos), aunque sin significación estadística.

Conclusión: El entrenamiento con arnés rotacional mejora el rendimiento técnico y la preparación psicológica, al tiempo que reduce factores biomecánicos de riesgo para lesiones de rodilla. Su incorporación en programas juveniles podría mejorar la seguridad y acelerar la adquisición de habilidades en patinaje artístico.

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Publicado

02-02-2026

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Drazdova, V. (2026). Optimización del rendimiento del triple salto y de la biomecánica de la rodilla en patinadores artísticos juveniles: una evaluación longitudinal del entrenamiento con arnés rotacional en Kazajistán. Retos, 77, 391-398. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118343