Otimização do desempenho no triplo salto e da biomecânica do joelho em jovens patinadores artísticos: uma avaliação longitudinal do treino com arnês rotacional no Cazaquistão

Autores

  • Victoria Drazdova VSA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118343

Palavras-chave:

Arnês rotacional, atletas adolescentes, biomecânica do joelho, patinagem artística, triplo salto

Resumo

Introdução: Os saltos triplos são essenciais para a progressão competitiva na patinagem artística juvenil, mas impõem elevadas cargas mecânicas sobre o joelho, aumentando o risco de lesões por sobrecarga. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos a longo prazo do treino com arnês rotacional na biomecânica de aterragem, progressão técnica, saúde do joelho e prontidão psicológica em patinadoras artísticas adolescentes.

Metodologia: Vinte e oito atletas do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 15 anos, foram aleatoriamente alocadas a um grupo com arnês (n = 14) ou a um grupo de controlo (n = 14) e acompanhadas durante 36 meses. As avaliações mensais incluíram a força de reação do solo (FRS), o ângulo de flexão do joelho, a velocidade de rotação (VRM), exames de imagem clínica e avaliações psicológicas.

Resultados: O grupo com arnês apresentou um FRS máximo significativamente mais baixo (5,6 ± 0,9 vs. 7,3 ± 1,2 × peso corporal, p < 0,001), maior flexão do joelho (35,2° ± 4,1° vs. 29,8° ± 5,3°, p = 0,006) e maior RPM (412 ± 22 vs. 338 ± 30, p < 0,001). O domínio do triplo salto foi atingido mais cedo no grupo com arnês (13,5 ± 0,4 vs. 14,1 ± 0,5 anos, p = 0,002). Os resultados psicológicos favoreceram o grupo com arnês, com maior estabilidade percebida, maior confiança e menor medo de lesão (todos p < 0,001). A incidência de patologia no joelho foi menor no grupo com arnês (2 vs. 6 casos), embora esta diferença não tenha sido estatisticamente significativa.

Conclusão: O treino com arnês rotacional melhora o desempenho técnico e a prontidão psicológica, ao mesmo tempo que reduz os fatores de risco biomecânicos para lesões no joelho. A sua incorporação em programas para jovens pode melhorar a segurança e acelerar a aquisição de competências na patinagem artística.

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Publicado

01-04-2026

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Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

Como Citar

Drazdova, V. (2026). Otimização do desempenho no triplo salto e da biomecânica do joelho em jovens patinadores artísticos: uma avaliação longitudinal do treino com arnês rotacional no Cazaquistão. Retos, 77, 391-398. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118343