Ensayo controlado aleatorizado que compara el ejercicio con chaleco lastrado y la vibración de cuerpo completo: efectos en la salud ósea y muscular en adultos mayores
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.118488Palabras clave:
Osteopenia, sarcopenia, contenido mineral óseo, puntuación tResumen
Introducción: La pérdida ósea y muscular es un problema, especialmente en mujeres mayores sedentarias. El entrenamiento de resistencia es reconocido por promover la salud ósea y muscular.
Objetivo: Investigar si la incorporación de un chaleco lastrado o vibración de cuerpo entero en los regímenes de ejercicio podría atenuar la disminución de la densidad mineral ósea y la masa muscular magra en adultos mayores.
Métodos: Cuarenta y nueve participantes se dividieron en tres grupos: un grupo control (CON) que realizó una caminata rápida y diversos ejercicios de fortalecimiento; un grupo con chaleco lastrado (WV) que completó el mismo programa con chaleco lastrado; y un grupo con vibración de cuerpo entero (WBV) que se ejercitó en una plataforma vibratoria.
Resultados: Después de 8 semanas de entrenamiento, el grupo WV mostró una mejora significativa en la puntuación T ósea (0,06 ± 0,19), mientras que los grupos CON (-0,19 ± 0,11; p = 0,000) y WBV (-0,13 ± 0,19; p = 0,014) experimentaron disminuciones. El BMC de la columna lumbar aumentó en el grupo WV (2,82 ± 2,52 g) en comparación con el grupo CON (-1,92 ± 7,03 g, p = 0,023). El entrenamiento WBV produjo ganancias de masa muscular magra (0,22 ± 0,71 kg) en comparación con el grupo CON (-0,98 ± 0,60 kg, p = 0,011) y WV (-0,60 ± 0,83 kg, p = 0,007).
Conclusión: Los resultados indican que el ejercicio con chaleco lastrado puede contribuir a la prevención de la pérdida ósea, mientras que el entrenamiento vibratorio de cuerpo completo parece promover mejoras en la masa muscular magra.
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