Composición corporal y nivel de experiencia en mujeres adultas jóvenes que realizan HIIT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118593Palabras clave:
Adiposidad, composición corporal, entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad, índice de masa corporal, mujeresResumen
Introducción: La validez clínica del índice de masa corporal (IMC) es cuestionada actualmente por su incapacidad para discriminar la adiposidad real en poblaciones físicamente activas. El entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT) se posiciona como una estrategia eficiente para optimizar la composición corporal y la salud metabólica.
Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el IMC, el porcentaje de grasa corporal según la clasificación del American Council on Exercise (ACE) y el nivel de experiencia en mujeres adultas jóvenes practicantes de HIIT.
Metodología: Se implementó un diseño observacional transversal con 50 mujeres estratificadas en tres niveles de experiencia, evaluando el peso global y el porcentaje de grasa mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica multifrecuencia bajo estrictos protocolos de estandarización.
Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el índice de masa corporal (p = 0.268), pero el porcentaje de grasa evidenció una reducción drástica en el grupo experto (16.7 ± 1.5%) frente a los niveles principiante (30.0 ± 2.5%) e intermedio (30.1 ± 2.9%), mostrando una diferencia estadística significativa (p < 0.001; η² = 0.419).
Discusión: Los hallazgos sugieren una desconexión diagnóstica en la que el peso corporal no refleja adecuadamente las diferencias en la adiposidad, evidenciando que el perfil compatible con la categoría “Atleta” se observó únicamente en participantes con mayor nivel de experiencia en el entrenamiento HIIT.
Conclusiones: El nivel de experiencia se asocia con diferencias en la adiposidad corporal medida por porcentaje de grasa, mientras que el IMC presenta una capacidad limitada para reflejar dichas variaciones. El perfil compatible con la categoría “Atleta” se observó exclusivamente en el nivel experto.
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