Correlación entre la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y la composición corporal en adolescentes del norte de Mozambique: influencia de la edad, el sexo y el estado nutricional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.118682Palabras clave:
Adolescencia, aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, composición corporal, estado nutricional, índice de masa corporalResumen
Introducción: La aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y la composición corporal son componentes fundamentales de la salud física en adolescentes, y aquellos con mayor aptitud cardiorrespiratoria tienden a tener una mejor composición corporal, lo que sugiere una relación entre estas variables.
Objetivo: Analizar la magnitud de la correlación entre la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y la composición corporal en adolescentes del norte de Mozambique.
Metodología: Este es un estudio observacional, transversal y correlacional, cuya muestra consistió en 919 adolescentes de 13 a 17 años. La aptitud cardiorrespiratoria se estimó mediante el consumo máximo de oxígeno utilizando la prueba de carrera de ida y vuelta de 20 metros; la composición corporal se evaluó mediante el índice de masa corporal, y la magnitud de la correlación se calculó mediante la prueba de correlación de Pearson.
Resultados: Se encontró una correlación negativa estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05) en adolescentes mujeres, que varió con la edad (r = -0,189 a -0,355) y con la clasificación del índice de masa corporal (r = -0,230 a -0,544).
Discusión: Se han encontrado resultados similares en otros estudios, pero en ambos sexos, aunque con un tamaño de muestra menor en este grupo de edad. En un estudio realizado con adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad, la magnitud de la correlación fue mayor que la del presente estudio.
Conclusión: La aptitud cardiorrespiratoria muestra una correlación negativa significativa, aunque moderadamente débil, con la composición corporal en adolescentes femeninas del norte de Mozambique. La fuerza de esta relación tiende a formar un patrón en forma de U invertida con el avance de la edad, siendo más pronunciada en adolescentes con bajo peso.
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