Relaciones entre variables derivadas del drop jump y el rendimiento en sprint y cambio de dirección en futbolistas universitarios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118685Palabras clave:
Drop jump, Índice de fuerza reactiva, Rendimiento en sprint, Capacidad de cambio de dirección, Ciclo de estiramiento–acortamientoResumen
Introducción: El rendimiento en el fútbol universitario se caracteriza por acciones repetidas de sprint y frecuentes cambios de dirección, lo que impone elevadas demandas neuromusculares relacionadas con la producción de fuerza explosiva y la ejecución rápida del movimiento.
Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue examinar las relaciones entre las variables derivadas de la prueba de drop jump y el rendimiento multidimensional en sprint y cambio de dirección en futbolistas universitarios masculinos.
Metodología: Se aplicó un diseño correlacional transversal con treinta y cinco futbolistas universitarios masculinos. Los participantes realizaron una evaluación de drop jump, pruebas de sprint en múltiples distancias y varias pruebas estandarizadas de cambio de dirección. Se llevaron a cabo análisis de correlación y modelos de regresión explicativa.
Resultados: La altura de salto se identificó como el principal indicador explicativo del rendimiento en el sprint máximo de cuarenta metros. En contraste, el índice de fuerza reactiva explicó de forma consistente el rendimiento en múltiples tareas de cambio de dirección. No se observaron relaciones significativas con el rendimiento en sprints de corta distancia.
Discusión: Estos resultados son coherentes con investigaciones previas que indican demandas neuromecánicas diferenciadas para el sprint y el cambio de dirección.
Conclusiones: Los resultados demostraron relaciones específicas según la tarea entre las variables del drop jump y el rendimiento en fútbol. La altura de salto se asoció con la capacidad de sprint máximo, mientras que el índice de fuerza reactiva se relacionó más estrechamente con el rendimiento en cambio de dirección. La interpretación específica de la tarea resulta esencial en la evaluación neuromuscular.
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