Relações entre variáveis derivadas do salto em queda e do sprint e o desempenho de mudança de direção em jogadores de futebol universitários
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118685Palavras-chave:
Salto em queda, Índice de força reativa, Desempenho em sprint, Capacidade de mudança de direção, ciclo alongamento-encurtamentoResumo
Introdução: O desempenho no futebol universitário é caracterizado por sprints repetidos e mudanças frequentes de direção, o que impõe elevadas exigências neuromusculares relacionadas com a produção de força explosiva e com a execução rápida de movimentos.
Objectivo: O principal objectivo deste estudo foi examinar as relações entre variáveis derivadas do teste de salto em queda e o desempenho multidimensional em sprints e mudanças de direcção em jogadores de futebol universitários do sexo masculino.
Metodologia: Foi utilizado um desenho transversal correlacional com 35 jogadores de futebol universitários do sexo masculino. Os participantes realizaram um teste de salto em queda, testes de sprint a múltiplas distâncias e vários testes padronizados de mudança de direção. Foram conduzidas análises de correlação e modelos de regressão explicativos.
Resultados: A altura do salto foi identificada como o principal indicador explicativo do desempenho no sprint máximo de 40 metros. Em contrapartida, o índice de força reativa explicou consistentemente o desempenho em múltiplas tarefas de mudança de direção. Não foram observadas relações significativas com o desempenho em sprints de curta distância.
Discussão: Estes resultados são consistentes com pesquisas anteriores que indicam exigências neuromecânicas diferenciadas para a corrida de velocidade e mudança de direção.
Conclusões: Os resultados demonstraram relações específicas da tarefa entre as variáveis do salto em queda e o desempenho no futebol. A altura do salto foi associada à capacidade máxima de corrida de velocidade, enquanto o índice de força reativa esteve mais intimamente relacionado com o desempenho na mudança de direção. A interpretação específica da tarefa é essencial na avaliação neuromuscular.
Referências
Apte, S., Karami, H., Vallat, C., Gremeaux, V., & Aminian, K. (2023). In-field assessment of change-of-direction ability with a single wearable sensor. Scientific reports, 13(1), 4518. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30773-y
Babyak, M. A. (2004). What you see may not be what you get: a brief, nontechnical introduction to overfitting in regression-type models. Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine, 66(3), 411-421. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200405000-00021
Barrera, J., Figueiredo, A. J., Duarte, J., Field, A., & Sarmento, H. (2023). Predictors of linear sprint performance in professional football players. Biology of sport, 40(2), 359-364. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2023.114289
Barrera-Domínguez, F. J., Almagro, B. J., & Molina-López, J. (2024). The influence of functional move-ment and strength upon linear and change of direction speed in male and female basketball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 92, 147. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/177313
Bartosz, M., Latocha, A., Motowidło, J., Krzysztofik, M., & Zając, A. (2024). The relationship between countermovement jump performance and sprinting speed in elite sprinters. Physical Activity Review, 12(2), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2024.12.19
Bishop, C., Turner, A., Maloney, S., Lake, J., Loturco, I., Bromley, T., & Read, P. (2019). Drop jump asymmetry is associated with reduced sprint and change-of-direction speed perfor-mance in adult female soccer players. Sports, 7(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7010029
Bobbert, M. F., Huijing, P. A., & Van Ingen Schenau, G. J. (1987). Drop jumping. II. The influence of dropping height on the biomechanics of drop jumping. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 19(4), 339-346. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198708000-00004
Bradley, P. S., Carling, C., Diaz, A. G., Hood, P., Barnes, C., Ade, J., Boddy, M., Krustrup, P., & Mohr, M. (2013). Match performance and physical capacity of players in the top three competi-tive standards of English professional soccer. Human Movement Science, 32(4), 808–821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2013.06.002
Cabarkapa, D., Batra, A., Cabarkapa, D. V., & Fry, A. C. (2025). Comparison of lower-body neuromuscular performance profiles between 100 m and 400 m Olympic sprinters. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 7, 1672028. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1672028
Čaušević, D., Čović, N., Abazović, E., Rani, B., Manolache, G. M., Ciocan, C. V., Zaharia, G., & Alexe, D. I. (2023). Predictors of speed and agility in youth male basketball players. Applied Sciences, 13(13), 7796. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137796
Chen, Z., Yin, M., Bishop, C., Ainsworth, B., & Li, Y. (2023). Association between lower body qualities and change-of-direction performance: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(14), 1013–1033. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2117-9490
Chua, K., Leahey, S., Lum, D., Fahey, J., Buchheit, M., Laffer, J., Evans, M., Wannouch, Y., & Comfort, P. (2025). Terminology and interpretation across neuromuscular profiling methods: A systematic review. Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02330-2
Ciacci, S., Nigro, F., & Bartolomei, S. (2024). A New Method for Evaluating the Reactive Strength Index in Track and Field Sprinting: Relationships with Muscle Architecture. Applied Scienc-es, 14(8), 3232. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14083232
Derakhti, M., Bremec, D., Kambič, T., Ten Siethoff, L., & Psilander, N. (2021). Four weeks of power optimized sprint training improves sprint performance in adolescent soccer play-ers. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 17(9), 1343-1351. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0959
Dos' Santos, T., McBurnie, A., Thomas, C., Comfort, P., & Jones, P. A. (2020). Biomechanical determi-nants of the modified and traditional 505 change of direction speed test. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(5), 1285-1296. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000003439
Dos’ Santos, T., Thomas, C., Comfort, P., & Jones, P. A. (2018). Comparison of change of direction speed performance and asymmetries between team-sport athletes: Application of change of direction deficit. Sports, 6(4), 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040174
Douglas, J., Ross, A., & Martin, J. C. (2021). Maximal muscular power: lessons from sprint cycling. Sports Medicine-Open, 7(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-021-00341-7
Falces-Prieto, M., González-Fernández, F. T., García-Delgado, G., Silva, R., Nobari, H., & Clemente, F. M. (2022). Relationship between sprint, jump, dynamic balance with the change of direc-tion on young soccer players' performance. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 12272. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16558-9
França, C., Gouveia, É., Caldeira, R., Marques, A., Martins, J., Lopes, H., ... & Ihle, A. (2022). Speed and agili-ty predictors among adolescent male football players. International journal of environ-mental research and public health, 19(5), 2856. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052856
Gisladottir, T., Petrović, M., Sinković, F., & Novak, D. (2024). The relationship between agility, linear sprinting, and vertical jumping performance in U-14 and professional senior team sports players. Frontiers in sports and active living, 6, 1385721. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1385721
González Alcántara, J. A., Núñez González, J. L., Valenzuela Barrero, C., & Núñez Sánchez, F. J. (2025). Effects of 8 weeks in-season flywheel training on physical performance in female soc-cer players. Retos, 66, 479–490. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.111034
Guo, Z., Huang, Y., Zhou, Z., Leng, B., Gong, W., Cui, Y., & Bao, D. (2021). The effect of 6-week combined balance and plyometric training on change of direction performance of elite badminton players. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 684964. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.684964
Hachana, Y., Chaabène, H., Nabli, M. A., Attia, A., Moualhi, J., Farhat, N., & Elloumi, M. (2013). Test-retest reliability, criterion-related validity, and minimal detectable change of the Illinois agili-ty test in male team sport athletes. The Journal of strength & conditioning re-search, 27(10), 2752- 2759. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182890ac3
Harper, D. J., & Kiely, J. (2018). Damaging nature of decelerations: Do we adequately prepare players? BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 4(1), e000379. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000379
Haugen, T., Seiler, S., Sandbakk, Ø., & Tønnessen, E. (2019). The training and development of elite sprint performance: an integration of scientific and best practice literature. Sports medicine-open, 5(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-019-0221-0
He, J., Li, M., Zhang, Q., & Zhang, Z. (2025). Associations between the performance of vertical jump and accelerative sprint in elite sprinters. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 13, 1539197. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1539197
Healy, R., Kenny, I. C., & Harrison, A. J. (2018). Reactive strength index: A poor indicator of reactive strength? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(6), 802–809. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0511
Healy, R., Smyth, C., Kenny, I. C., & Harrison, A. J. (2019). Influence of reactive and maximum strength indicators on sprint performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(11), 3039– 3048. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002635
Hornikova, H., Jeleň, M., & Zemkova, E. (2021). Determinants of reactive agility in tests with different demands on sensory and motor components in handball players. Applied Scienc-es, 11(14), 6531. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146531
Jarvis, P., Turner, A., Read, P., & Bishop, C. (2022). Reactive strength index and its associations with measures of physical and sports performance: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 52(2), 301-330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01566-y
Katsuge, M., Kurosaki, H., Watanabe, H., Kambayashi, S., Hirata, K., & Hirayama, K. (2025). Relationships between the ground reaction force during initial sprint acceleration and the vertical force– velocity profile. PloS one, 20(7), e0328225. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328225
Kozinc, Ž., & Šarabon, N. (2022). Different change of direction tests assess different physical ability parameters: Principal component analysis of nine change of direction tests. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 17(5), 1137-1146. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541211051676
Kurosaki, H., Tsubota, E., Katsuge, M., Hirata, K., & Hirayama, K. (2025). Muscle contraction type-specific association of acceleration and deceleration performance with rates of force development. PeerJ, 13, e19862. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19862
Lee, Y. S., Lee, D., & Ahn, N. Y. (2024). SAQ training on sprint, change-of-direction speed, and agility in U- 20 female football players. Plos one, 19(3), e0299204. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299204
Li, Y., Guo, Q., Shao, J., Gan, Y., Zhao, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2025). Neuromuscular factors predicting lower limb explosive strength in male college sprinters. Frontiers in Physiology, 15, 1498811. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1498811
Lin, S., Yan, Z., Xu, T., Xie, H., & Liu, R. (2025). Effect of Complex Contrast Training on Change of Direc-tion Performance in Team-Sport Athletes: A Meta-Analysis. Applied Sciences, 15(13), 7385. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15137385
Lin, S., Yan, Z., Zhang, Z., Xu, T., & Liu, R. (2025). The efficacy of complex training for enhancing change of direction ability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 17479541251386936. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541251386936
Markwick, W. J., Bird, S. P., Tufano, J. J., Seitz, L. B., & Haff, G. G. (2015). The intraday reliability of the reactive strength index calculated from a drop jump in professional men’s basket-ball. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 10(4), 482-488. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0265
McFarland, I. T., Dawes, J. J., Elder, C. L., & Lockie, R. G. (2016). Relationship of two vertical jumping tests to sprint and change of direction speed among male and female collegiate soccer play-ers. Sports, 4(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports4010011
Moeskops, S., Pedley, J. S., Oliver, J. L., & Lloyd, R. S. (2022). The influence of competitive level on stretch- shortening cycle function in young female gymnasts. Sports, 10(7), 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10070107
Morin, J. B., Le Mat, Y., Osgnach, C., Barnabò, A., Pilati, A., Samozino, P., & di Prampero, P. E. (2021). Individual acceleration-speed profile in-situ: A proof of concept in professional football players. Journal of Biomechanics, 123, 110524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110524
Nishiumi, D., Nishioka, T., Saito, H., Kurokawa, T., & Hirose, N. (2023). Associations of eccentric force variables during jumping and eccentric lower-limb strength with vertical jump perfor-mance: A systematic review. PloS one, 18(8), e0289631. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289631
Nygaard Falch, H., Guldteig Rædergård, H., & van den Tillaar, R. (2019). Effect of different physical training forms on change of direction ability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine-Open, 5(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-019-0223-y
Paprancová, A., Šimonek, J., Paška, Ľubomír., Czaková, M., & Krčmár, M. (2025). The impact of running- based high-intensity interval training with changes of direction on physical per-formance of female soccer players. Retos, 65, 262–270. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v65.110640
Pedley, J. S., Lloyd, R. S., Read, P. J., Moore, I. S., Myer, G. D., & Oliver, J. L. (2022). A novel method to categorize stretch-shortening cycle performance across maturity in youth soccer play-ers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(9), 2573–2580. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003900
Popowczak, M., Cichy, I., Rokita, A., & Domaradzki, J. (2021). The relationship between reactive agility and change of direction speed in professional female basketball and handball players. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 708771. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708771
Potisaen, D. J., Potisan, T., & Khumprommarach, S. (2025). Effects of high-intensity interval training under hypoxic conditions on energy system performance in collegiate football players. Retos, 68, 1133–1147. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.115923
Rago, V., Brito, J., Figueiredo, P., Ermidis, G., Barreira, D., & Rebelo, A. (2020). The arrowhead agility test: reliability, minimum detectable change, and practical applications in soccer play-ers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(2), 483-494. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000002987
Ramírez-Campillo, R., Álvarez, C., García-Pinillos, F., Sanchez-Sanchez, J., Yanci, J., Castillo, D., Loturco, I., Chaabene, H., Moran, J., & Izquierdo, M. (2018). Optimal reactive strength index: Is it an accurate variable to optimize plyometric training effects on measures of physical fitness in young soccer players? Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(4), 885–893. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002467
Ramírez-Campillo, R., Thapa, R. K., Afonso, J., Perez-Castilla, A., Bishop, C., Byrne, P. J., & Granacher, U. (2023). Effects of plyometric jump training on the reactive strength index in healthy in-dividuals across the lifespan: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Medi-cine, 53(5), 1029-1053. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01825-0
Repullo, C., Castaño-Zambudio, A., Del Campo-Vecino, J., & Jiménez-Reyes, P. (2025). Resisted sprint training with combined loads improve the maximum velocity in professional female soccer. Sports Biomechanics, 24(8), 2310–2327. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2025.2453817.
Šarabon, N., Milinović, I., Dolenec, A., Kozinc, Ž., & Babić, V. (2022). The Reactive Strength Index in Unilateral Hopping for Distance and Its Relationship to Sprinting Performance: How Many Hops Are Enough for a Comprehensive Evaluation?. Applied Sciences, 12(22), 11383. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211383
Sassi, R. H., Dardouri, W., Yahmed, M. H., Gmada, N., Mahfoudhi, M. E., & Gharbi, Z. (2009). Relative and absolute reliability of a modified agility T-test and its relationship with vertical jump and straight sprint. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(6),1644-1651. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b425d2
Singh, U., Leicht, A., Connor, J., Brice, S., Alves, A., & Doma, K. (2024). Biomechanical determinants of change of direction performance: a systematic review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 27, S3-S4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02278-3
Smajla, D., Kozinc, Ž., & Šarabon, N. (2022). Associations between lower limb eccentric muscle capabil-ity and change of direction speed in basketball and tennis players. PeerJ, 10, e13439. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13439
Southey, B., Willshire, M., Connick, M. J., Austin, D., Spits, D., & Beckman, E. (2024). Reactive strength index as a key performance indicator in different athlete populations – a systematic re-view. Science & Sports, 39(2), 129–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2023.01.004
Spiteri, T., Newton, R. U., Binetti, M., Hart, N. H., Sheppard, J. M., & Nimphius, S. (2015). Mechanical determinants of faster change of direction and agility performance in female basketball athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(8), 2205-2214. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000876
Suarez-Arrones, L., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Carrasquilla, I., Asián-Clemente, J., Santalla, A., Lara-Lopez, P., & Núñez, F. J. (2020). Relationships between change of direction, sprint, jump, and squat power performance. Sports, 8(3), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8030038
Takai, Y., Miyazaki, T., Sugisaki, N., Yoshimoto, T., Mitsukawa, N., Kobayashi, K., ... & Kanehisa, H. (2025). Spatiotemporal and kinetic characteristics during maximal sprint running in fast run-ning soccer players. PLoS One, 20(5), e0322216. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0322216
Tingelstad, L. M., Raastad, T., Myklebust, G., Gjerstad Andersen, T. E., Solstad, B. E., Bugten, J. B., & Luteberget, L. S. (2025). Age and Sex Differences in Physical Performance Among Ado-lescent Team Sport Athletes. European Journal of Sport Science, 25(5), e12284. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12284
Tulyakul, S., & Thammathes, S. (2024). The Effects of the Combined Training Program on Agility in Football Players. Education Quarterly Reviews, 7(1), 112-117. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/2vk6b
Vecbērza, L., Šmite, Z., Plakane, L., & Ābeļkalns, I. (2025). The Impact of Ankle Plantar-Flexor Muscle Strength on Sprint Acceleration in Floorball Players. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 20(3), 393–398. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0272
Yamashita, N., Sato, D., & Mishima, T. (2024). Change-of-Direction Performance and Its Deficits in Relation to Countermovement-Jump Height and Phase-Specific Performance Among Female Athletes. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 19(11), 1256–1263. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2024-0006
Zheng, T., Kong, R., Liang, X., Huang, Z., Luo, X., Zhang, X., & Xiao, Y. (2025). Effects of plyometric train-ing on jump, sprint, and change of direction performance in adolescent soccer player: A systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One, 20(4), e0319548. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319548
Živković, A., Marković, S., Cuk, I., Knežević, O. M., & Mirkov, D. M. (2025). Reliability and Validity of Key Performance Metrics of Modified 505 Test. Life, 15(2), 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020198
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Supanithi Khumprommarach, Arthit Boonma, Traimit Potisan, Jukdao Potisaen
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e assegurar a revista o direito de ser a primeira publicação da obra como licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite que outros para compartilhar o trabalho com o crédito de autoria do trabalho e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Os autores podem estabelecer acordos adicionais separados para a distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicado na revista (por exemplo, a um repositório institucional, ou publicá-lo em um livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- É permitido e os autores são incentivados a divulgar o seu trabalho por via electrónica (por exemplo, em repositórios institucionais ou no seu próprio site), antes e durante o processo de envio, pois pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como a uma intimação mais Cedo e mais do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre) (em Inglês).
Esta revista é a "política de acesso aberto" de Boai (1), apoiando os direitos dos usuários de "ler, baixar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, pesquisar, ou link para os textos completos dos artigos". (1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
