Intervención pliométrica para mejorar la fuerza y la función del miembro superior en niños con quemaduras: ensayo controlado aleatorizado

Autores/as

  • FatmaAlzahraa Kamel Qassim University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.119179

Palabras clave:

Entrenamiento pliométrico , fuerza muscular , lesiones por quemaduras , potencia muscular , rehabilitación

Resumen

Introducción: Los niños con quemaduras suelen presentar alteraciones físicas persistentes que comprometen el estado funcional, restringen la participación en la actividad física, favorecen el comportamiento sedentario y afectan negativamente la calidad de vida durante años después de la lesión. Por lo tanto, se requieren estrategias de rehabilitación eficaces para abordar estas secuelas a largo plazo.

Objetivo: Investigar los efectos de un programa de ejercicios pliométricos para el miembro superior de 12 semanas sobre la fuerza muscular, la potencia y la velocidad de movimiento en niños con quemaduras.

Metodología: Se realizó un ensayo controlado aleatorizado en 52 niños con quemaduras en la extremidad superior. Los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo de ejercicio pliométrico (n = 26) o a un grupo control (n = 26). Ambos grupos completaron programas de ejercicio supervisado dos veces por semana durante 12 semanas. Las medidas de resultado se evaluaron antes y después de la intervención e incluyeron la fuerza muscular de los flexores y extensores del codo, la potencia de la parte superior del cuerpo medida mediante la prueba de lanzamiento de balón medicinal y la velocidad de movimiento del miembro superior.

Resultados: Tras la intervención de 12 semanas, el grupo pliométrico mostró mejoras significativamente mayores en comparación con el grupo control. Se observaron mejoras en la fuerza de los flexores del codo (MD = 2.15 kg, IC del 95% [0.38, 3.93], P = 0.02, η² = 0.11), la fuerza de los extensores del codo (MD = 2.89 kg, IC del 95% [0.88, 4.89], P = 0.006, η² = 0.14), el lanzamiento de balón medicinal (MD = 32.12 cm, IC del 95% [12.48, 51.75], P = 0.002, η² = 0.18) y la velocidad de movimiento de la extremidad superior (MD = −3.74 segundos, IC del 95% [−5.71, −1.78], P < 0.001, η² = 0.23).

Conclusiones: Un programa de entrenamiento pliométrico para el miembro superior de 12 semanas puede ser más eficaz que los enfoques convencionales de ejercicio para mejorar la fuerza muscular, la potencia muscular y la función del miembro superior en niños con quemaduras.

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Publicado

01-06-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Kamel, F. (2026). Intervención pliométrica para mejorar la fuerza y la función del miembro superior en niños con quemaduras: ensayo controlado aleatorizado. Retos, 79, 708-720. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.119179