Índice de motricidad gruesa y aptitud física en niños preescolares: un estudio transversal en Kuala Lumpur, Selangor y Putrajaya

Autores/as

  • Nurhidayah Yaakop Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
  • Tan De Hui Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
  • Shamsulariffin Samsudin Faculty of Education Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • Borhannudin Abdullah Faculty of Education Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • Cassendra Anak Gilbert Faculty of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.119213

Palabras clave:

Habilidades motoras fundamentales, índice motor grueso, fuerza muscular, condición física, niños en edad preescolar

Resumen

Introducción: El Índice Motor Grueso (GMI, por sus siglas en inglés) es esencial en el desarrollo físico infantil. Sin embargo, existe evidencia limitada sobre la relación entre la condición física y el Índice Motor Grueso en niños de edad preescolar en Malasia.

Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la relación entre el Índice Motor Grueso y la condición física en niños de edad preescolar en Kuala Lumpur, Selangor y Putrajaya.

Metodología: Este estudio transversal involucró a 104 niños preescolares de 5 y 6 años, quienes fueron evaluados mediante la Prueba de Desarrollo Motor Grueso - Tercera Edición (TGMD-3) para medir sus Habilidades Motrices Básicas. Se utilizaron análisis estadísticos como la prueba t de muestras independientes, el análisis de modelo lineal general y los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson. El valor de significancia se estableció en p < 0.05.

Resultado: La mayoría de los niños preescolares fueron clasificados en un nivel limítrofe o con retraso en el GMI (59.6%). Además, las niñas obtuvieron puntuaciones de GMI más altas que los niños (76.06±6.82 frente a 71.98±5.74, p < 0.001). No hubo una asociación significativa entre el GMI y la condición física (p > 0.05). Análisis posteriores revelaron que la carrera de obstáculos de 15 metros demostró una correlación significativa con las habilidades locomotoras (r = -0.301, p = 0.003), mientras que la fuerza de prensión manual (fuerza de agarre) mostró correlación tanto con las habilidades locomotoras (r = 0.207, p = 0.043) como con las habilidades de control de balón (r = 0.234, p = 0.038).

Discusión: Este estudio demostró que, aunque no hubo una asociación significativa del GMI con la condición física en general, componentes específicos de la condición física, como la carrera de obstáculos de 15 metros y la fuerza de prensión manual, desempeñan un papel crucial en las Habilidades Motrices Básicas de los niños.

Conclusión: En conclusión, las intervenciones futuras deberían centrarse en el desarrollo de componentes específicos de la condición física para apoyar el desarrollo del GMI en niños preescolares.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Nurhidayah Yaakop, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia

    Dr. Nurhidayah Yaakop is a Senior Lecturer in the field of Physical Education and Sports Studies. She is actively involved in teaching, research, and academic supervision. Her areas of expertise include physical education, sports training, and curriculum development. She is committed to enhancing students’ learning experiences and contributing to the advancement of sports education.

  • Tan De Hui, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia

    A Postgraduate Student in Nutrition and Community Health graduate from Universiti Putra Malaysia.

  • Shamsulariffin Samsudin, Faculty of Education Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia

    Dr. Shamsulariffin Samsudin is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia. His research interests include sports science, training methodology, and physical education. He is actively involved in teaching, research, and the development of training modules for educators and students in the field of sport and exercise.

  • Borhannudin Abdullah, Faculty of Education Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia

    Dr. Borhannudin Abdullah is a Senior Lecturer in the field of Physical Education and Sports Studies. He is actively engaged in teaching, research, and academic supervision. His research interests include sports science, training methods, and physical performance. He is committed to advancing knowledge and practice in sports and exercise education.

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Publicado

28-05-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Yaakop, N., De Hui, T., Samsudin, S., Abdullah, B., & Gilbert, C. A. (2026). Índice de motricidad gruesa y aptitud física en niños preescolares: un estudio transversal en Kuala Lumpur, Selangor y Putrajaya. Retos, 82, 233-245. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.119213