Diferencias rural–urbanas en la coordinación motora gruesa y el índice de masa corporal en niños indonesios de 7 a 9 años
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.119260Palabras clave:
coordinación motora gruesa, BMI, rural–urbano, KTK3+, niños indonesios, educación físicaResumen
Introducción: La coordinación motora gruesa es fundamental para el desarrollo físico de los niños y está influenciada por el índice de masa corporal y el contexto residencial. Sin embargo, las diferencias entre zonas rurales y urbanas en la relación entre la coordinación motora gruesa y el IMC siguen siendo poco estudiadas en niños indonesios.
Metodología: Un total de 396 niños de 7 a 9 años de Sumatra Occidental, Indonesia, participaron en este estudio transversal. El IMC se clasificó utilizando los estándares de la OMS 2007. La coordinación motora gruesa se evaluó mediante la batería KTK3+, que comprende equilibrio en barra, saltos laterales, desplazamientos laterales y coordinación óculo-manual. Se realizaron análisis MANOVA con pruebas post hoc de Bonferroni y análisis discriminante lineal específicos por ubicación.
Resultados: Los niños de zonas rurales superaron significativamente a sus pares urbanos en equilibrio en barra (F = 7.474; p = .007; ηp² = .019), saltos laterales (F = 26.244; p < .001; ηp² = .064) y coordinación óculo-manual (F = 8.508; p = .004; ηp² = .022), con una ventaja rural que aumentó con la edad (Edad × Ubicación para coordinación óculo-manual: ηp² = .093). Los desplazamientos laterales no mostraron un efecto significativo de la ubicación (p = .926). El análisis discriminante lineal específico por ubicación reveló que el equilibrio en barra fue el principal discriminador del IMC en niños rurales (r = .910), mientras que los saltos laterales predominaron en niños urbanos (r = .859). De manera crítica, el 86% de los niños presentaba bajo peso o bajo peso severo, con los niños urbanos mostrando una tasa paradójicamente mayor de bajo peso severo (75.0%) en comparación con sus pares rurales (66.3%).
Conclusiones: Los niños indonesios de zonas rurales demostraron trayectorias superiores de coordinación motora gruesa durante la niñez media. La relación entre IMC y coordinación motora gruesa dependiente del contexto, así como la doble carga de desnutrición en ambos entornos, exigen intervenciones integradas en educación física y nutrición sensibles a la ubicación.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Arischo Mardiansyah, Ramadoni Ramadoni, Fitri Nurmahmudah, Astrid Tiara Murti, Damardjati Kun Marjanto, Hasan Albana
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