Efeitos de um programa de exercício físico executado através de realidade virtual imersiva na aptidão física e na composição corporal de adultos universitários: protocolo para um ensaio clínico randomizado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v65.112724Palavras-chave:
Aptidão cardiorrespiratória, gordo, força, músculo, atividade físicaResumo
Introdução e objetivo: A prática constante de atividade física contribui para a obtenção de valores adequados de condição física e composição corporal, que trazem benefícios para a saúde das pessoas. Apesar de a evidência científica expor os efeitos da atividade física na saúde, a população adulta tem uma baixa prevalência de exercício devido à falta de tempo, falta de relatos desportivos, facto-res que aumentam nos estudantes universitários devido às exigências académicas. Uma ferramenta que pode ser útil para eliminar as barreiras à prática de atividade física pode ser a realidade virtual imersiva, e as evidências sugerem que pode ser uma ferramenta que promete a prática de atividade física, pelo que é o objetivo deste protocolo o ensaio controlado aleatorizado consiste em avaliar o impacto de um programa de exercício físico realizado através da realidade virtual, imersão sobre a aptidão física e a composição corporal numa população universitária.
Metodologia: Se selecionará aleatoriamente um grupo de intervenção (n=18) e um grupo de controlo (n=18). O grupo de intervenção irá executar um programa de exercício físico através de realidade virtual inmersiva durante 12 semanas. Todos os participantes serão avaliados no início e no final da intervenção para determinar o efeito do programa na aptidão física e na composição corporal.
Conclusões: Este ensaio controlado aleatorizado reportará informações tão breves sobre o efeito do exercício físico através do pai real virtual sobre as variáveis estudadas.
Referências
Ali, M., Yusuf, H.I., Stahmer, J., & Rahlenbeck, S.I. (2015). Cardiovascular risk factors and physical activ-ity among university students in somaliland. J Community Health, 40(2), 326-30. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10900-014-9938-3
Arias-Palencia, N.M., Solera-Martínez, M., Gracia-Marco, L.; Silva, P.; Martínez-Vizcaíno, V.; Cañete-García-Prieto, J., & Sánchez- López, M. (2015). Levels and Patterns of Objectively Assessed Physical Activity and Compliance with Different Public Health Guidelines in University Stu-dents. PLoS ONE, 10(11), e0141977. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141977
Bonnechère, B., Jansen, B., Omelina, L., & Van Sint, J.S. (2016). The use of commercial video games in rehabilitation: A systematic review. Int. J. Rehabil. Res, 39(4), 277–290. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000190
Brandín-De la Cruz, N., Secorro, N., Calvo, S., Benyoucef, Y., Herrero, P., & Bellosta-López, P. (2020). Immersive virtual reality and antigravity treadmill training for gait rehabilitation in Parkin-son's disease: a pilot and feasibility study. Rev Neurol, 71(12), 447-454. https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.7112.2020352
Burin, D., Kilteni, K., Rabuffetti, M., Slater, M., & Pia, L. (2019). Body ownership increases the interfer-ence between observed and executed movements. PLoS ONE, 14(1), e0209899. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209899
Butcher, N.J., Monsour, A., Mew, E.J., Chan, A.W, Moher, D., Mayo-Wilson, E., Terwee, C..B, Chee-A-Tow, A., Baba, A., Gavin, F., Grimshaw, J.M., Kelly, L.E., Saeed, L., Thabane, L., Askie, L., Smith, M., Fa-rid-Kapadia, M., Williamson, P.R., Szatmari, P., Tugwell, P., Golub, R.M., Monga, S., Vohra, S., Marlin, S., Ungar, W.J., & Offringa, M. (2022). Guidelines for Reporting Outcomes in Trial Re-ports: The CONSORT-Outcomes 2022 Extension. JAMA, 328(22), 2252-2264. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.21022.
Carvalho, M.S., Carvalho, L.C., Menezes, F.D.S., Frazin, A., Gomes, E.D.C., & Iunes, D.H. (2020). Effects of Exergames in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Study. Games Health J, 9(5), 358-367. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2019.0108
Caspersen, C.J., Powell, K.E., & Christenson, G.M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fit-ness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep, 100(2), 126-31.
Castro, O., Bennie, J., Vergeer, I., Bosselut, G., & Biddle, S. (2020). How Sedentary Are University Stu-dents? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Prev Sci, 21(3), 332–343 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-020-01093-8
Chan, A.W., Tetzlaff, J.M., Altman, D.G., Laupacis, A., Gøtzsche, P.C., Krleža-Jerić, K., Hróbjartsson,. A, Mann, H., Dickersin, K., Berlin, J.A., Doré, C.J., Parulekar, W.R., Summerskill, W.S., Groves, T., Schulz, K.F., Sox, H.C., Rockhold, F.W., Rennie, D., & Moher, D. (2013). SPIRIT 2013 statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials. Ann Intern Med, 158(3), 200-7. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583.
Chen, J., Or, C.K., & Chen, T. (2022). Effectiveness of Using Virtual Reality-Supported Exercise Therapy for Upper Extremity Motor Rehabilitation in Patients With Stroke: Systematic Review and Me-ta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Med Internet Res, 24(6), e24111. https://doi.org/10.2196/24111
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd Ed) Lawrence Erlbaum As-sociates, Publishers.
Collado-Mateo, D., Dominguez-Muñoz, F.J., Adsuar, J.C., Merellano-Navarro, E., & Gusi, N. (2017). Exer-games for women with fibromyalgia: a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effects on mobility skills, balance and fear of falling. PeerJ, 5, e3211. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3211.
Debska, M., Polechon ́ski, J., Mynarski, A., & Polechon ́ski, P. (2019). Enjoyment and Intensity of Physi-cal Activity in Immersive Virtual Reality Performed on Innovative Training Devices in Compli-ance with Recommendations for Health. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16(19), 3673. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193673
Evans, E., Naugle, K.E., Kaleth, A.S., Arnold, B., & Naugle, K.M. (2021). Physical Activity Intensity, Per-ceived Exertion, and Enjoyment During Head-Mounted Display Virtual Reality Games. Games Health J, 10(5), 314–320. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2021.0036
Freedson, P. S., Melanson, E., & Sirard, J. (1998). Calibration of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. accelerometer. Medicine & Science In Sports & Exercise, 30(5), 777-781. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199805000-00021
Freina, L., & Ott, M. (2015). A Literature Review on Immersive Virtual Reality in Education: State of the Art and Perspectives—ProQuest. International Scientific Conference eLearning and Sofware for Education. https://doi.org/10.12753/2066-026X-23-020
Gao, Z., Zeng, N., Pope, Z.C., Wang, R., & Yu, F. (2019). Effects of Exergaming on Motor Skill Compe-tence, Perceived Competence, and Physical Activity in Preschool Children. J. Sport. Health Sci, 8(2), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2018.12.001
Giakoni-Ramírez, F., Godoy-Cumillaf, A., Espoz-Lazo, S., Duclos-Bastias, D., & Del Val Martín P. (2023a). Physical Activity in Immersive Virtual Reality: A Scoping Review. Healthcare, 11(11), 1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111553
Giakoni-Ramírez, F., Godoy-Cumillaf, A., Fuentes-Merino, P., Farías-Valenzuela, C., Duclos-Bastías, D., Bruneau-Chávez, J., Merellano-Navarro, E., & Velásquez-Olavarría, R. (2023b). Intensity of a Physical Exercise Programme Executed through Immersive Virtual Reality. Healthcare (Basel), 11(17), 2399. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172399
Gonzalez-Gil, A.M. & Elizondo-Montemayor, L. (2020). The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review. Nutrients, 12(6), 1899. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/nu12061899
González-Jiménez, E. (2013). Composición corporal: estudio y utilidad clínica. Endocrinol Nutr. 60(2), 69-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endonu.2014.04.003
Grayling, M.J., & Wason, J.M. (2020). A web application for the design of multi-arm clinical trials. BMC Cancer, 20(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-6525-0
Gupta, S.K. (2011). Intention-to-treat concept: A review. Perspect Clin Res, 2(3), 109-12. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-3485.83221.
Howlett, N., Trivedi, D., Troop, N.A., & Chater, A.M. (2019). Are physical activity interventions for healthy inactive adults effective in promoting behavior change and maintenance, and which behavior change techniques are effective? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Behav Med, 9(1), 147-157. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/tbm/iby010
Kahn, C.R., Wang, G., & Lee, K.Y. (2019). Altered adipose tissue and adipocyte function in the patho-genesis of metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest, 129(10), 3990-4000. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI129187
Kane, J.E. (Ed). (1972). Psychological Aspects of Physical Education and Sport. En Routledge eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315625140
Kutac, P., Bunc, V., Buzga, M., Krajcigr, M., & Sigmund, M. (2023). The effect of regular running on body weight and fat tissue of individuals aged 18 to 65. J Physiol Anthropol. 42(1), 28. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s40101-023-00348-x
Lavie, C.J., McAuley, P.A., Church, T.S., Milani, R.V., & Blair SN. (2014). Obesity and cardiovascular dis-eases: implications regarding fitness, fatness, and severity in the obesity paradox. J Am Coll Cardiol, 63(14), 1345-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.022
Léger, L.A., Mercier, D., Gadoury, C., & Lambert, J. (1988). The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. J Sports Sci, 6(2), 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640418808729800.
Longo, M., Zatterale, F., Naderi, J., Parrillo, L., Formisano, P., Raciti, G.A., Beguinot, F., & Miele, C. (2019). Adipose Tissue Dysfunction as Determinant of Obesity-Associated Metabolic Complica-tions. Int J Mol Sci, 20(9), 2358. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092358
MacMillan, K.N. (2007). Valoración de hábitos de alimentación, actividad física y condición nutricional en estudiantes de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Rev Chil Nutr, 34(4), 330-6. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-75182007000400006
Marfell-Jones, M., Stewart, A., & de Ridder, J. (2012). International Standards for Anthropometric As-sessment. International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. http://hdl.handle.net/11072/1510
Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., & Sánchez-López, M. (2008). Relación entre actividad física y condición física en niños y adolescentes. Rev Esp Cardiol, 61(2), 108-11. https://doi.org/10.1157/13116196
McCoy, C.E. (2017). Understanding the Intention-to-treat Principle in Randomized Controlled Trials. West J Emerg Med, 18(6), 1075-1078. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2017.8.35985.
Méndez-Giménez, A., Fernández-Río, J., Estrada, J.A.C., & de Mesa, C.G.G. (2013). Motivational profiles and their outcomes in physical education. A complementary study on 2x2 achievement goals and self-determination. Rev. Psicol. Deporte, 22(1), 29–38.
Mologne, M.S., Yamamoto, T., Viggiano, M., Blatney, A.E., Lechner, RJ, Nguyen, TH., Doyle, A., Farrales, J.P., Neufeld, E.V., & Dolezal, B.A. (2024), Field-based fitness measures improve via an immer-sive virtual reality exergaming platform: a randomized controlled trial. Front. Virtual Real, 5, 1290711. https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2024.1290711
O'Brien, E., Petrie, J., Littler, W., de Swiet, M., Padfield, P.L., O'Malley, K., Jamieson, M., Altman, D., Bland, M., & Atkins, N. (1990). The British Hypertension Society protocol for the evaluation of automated and semi-automated blood pressure measuring devices with special reference to ambulatory systems. J Hypertens, 8(7), 607-19. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-199007000-00004.
Ortega, F.B., Ruiz, J.R., Castillo, M.J., & Sjöström, M. (2008). Physical fitness in childhood and adoles-cence: Apowerful marker of health. Int. J. Obes, 32(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803774
Pasco, D. (2013). The Potential of Using Virtual Reality Technology in Physical Activity Settings. Quest 65(4), 429–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2013.795906
Plaza-Diaz, J., Izquierdo, D., Torres-Martos, Á., Baig, A.T., Aguilera, C.M., & Ruiz-Ojeda, F.J. (2022). Im-pact of Physical Activity and Exercise on the Epigenome in Skeletal Muscle and Effects on Sys-temic Metabolism. Biomedicines, 10(1), 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10010126
Qian, J., McDonough, D.J., & Gao, Z. (2020). The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exercise on Individual’s Physiological, Psychological and Rehabilitative Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17(11), 4133. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114133
Ruiz, J.R., Castro-Piñero, J., Artero, E.G., Ortega, F.B., Sjöström, M., Suni, J., & Castillo, M.J. (2000). Pre-dictive validity of health-related fitness in youth: A systematic review. Br. J. Sports Med, 43(12), 909–923. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.056499
Ruiz, J. R., Romero, V. E., Piñero, J. C., Artero, E. G., Ortega, F. B., García, M. C., Pavón, D. J., Chillón, P., Rejón, M. J. G., Mora, J., Gutiérrez, A., Suni, J., Sjöstrom, M., & Castillo, M. J. (2011). Batería ALP-HA-Fitness: test de campo para la evaluación de la condición física relacionada con la salud en niños y adolescentes. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 26(6), 1210-1214. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2011.26.6.5270
Rutkowski, S., Rutkowska, A., Kiper, P., Jastrzebski, D., Racheniuk, H., Turolla, A., Szczegielniak, J. & Casaburi, R. (2020). Virtual Reality Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmo-nary Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 15, 117-124. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S223592
Sasaki, J. E., John, D., & Freedson, P. S. (2011). Validation and comparison of ActiGraph activity moni-tors. Journal Of Science And Medicine In Sport, 14(5), 411-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.04.003
Sousa, C.V., Hwang, J., Cabrera-Perez, R., Fernandez, A., Misawa, A., Newhook, K., & Lu, A.S. (2022). Active video games in fully immersive virtual reality elicit moderate-to-vigorous physical activ-ity and improve cognitive performance in sedentary college students. J. Sport. Health Sci, 11(2), 164–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2021.05.002
Sterne, J.A.C., White, I.R., Carlin, J.B., Spratt, M., Royston, P., Kenward M.G., Wood, A., & Carpenter, J. (2009). Multiple imputation for missing data in epidemiological and clinical research: potential and pitfalls. BMJ, 338, b2393. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2393
Tatnell, P., Atorkey, P., & Tzelepis, F. (2022). The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Interventions on Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol, Physical Activity and/or Obesity Risk Factors: A Systematic Re-view. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(17), 10821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710821
Templeton, G. (2011). A two-step approach for transforming continuous variables to normal: implica-tions and recommendations for IS research. Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.02804
Thompson, D., Karpe, F., Lafontan, M., & Frayn, K. (2012). Physical activity and exercise in the regula-tion of human adipose tissue physiology. Physiol Rev, 92(1), 157-91. https://doi.org/ 10.1152/physrev.00012.2011.
Vieira, G.D.P., de Araujo, D.F.G.H., Leite, M.A.A., Orsini, M., & Correa, C.L. (2014). Realidade virtual na reabilitação física de pacientes com doença de Parkinson. J. Hum. Growth Dev, 24(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.72046
Wang, Z.M., Pierson, R.N.Jr., & Heymsfield, S.B. (1992). The five-level model: a new approach to organ-izing body-composition research. Am J Clin Nutr, 56(1), 19-28. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/ajcn/56.1.19.
World Health Organization. (2022). Global status report on physical activity 2022. World Health Organ-ization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/363607.
World Health Organization Physical Activity. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical- activity
Yen, H.Y., & Chiu, H.L. (2021). Virtual Reality Exergames for Improving Older Adults' Cognition and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 22(5), 995-1002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2021.03.009.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Andrés Godoy Cumillaf, Paola Fuentes-Merino, Frano Giakoni-Ramírez, Daniel Duclos-Bastías, José Bruneau-Chávez, Eugenio Merellano-Navarro, Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e assegurar a revista o direito de ser a primeira publicação da obra como licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite que outros para compartilhar o trabalho com o crédito de autoria do trabalho e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Os autores podem estabelecer acordos adicionais separados para a distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicado na revista (por exemplo, a um repositório institucional, ou publicá-lo em um livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- É permitido e os autores são incentivados a divulgar o seu trabalho por via electrónica (por exemplo, em repositórios institucionais ou no seu próprio site), antes e durante o processo de envio, pois pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como a uma intimação mais Cedo e mais do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre) (em Inglês).
Esta revista é a "política de acesso aberto" de Boai (1), apoiando os direitos dos usuários de "ler, baixar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, pesquisar, ou link para os textos completos dos artigos". (1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
