Comparação da aptidão física e da composição corporal por categorias etárias em jovens jogadores profissionais de futebol no Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.116780Palavras-chave:
Qualidades físicas, Biotipo, maturação, JovensResumo
Introdução: O desenvolvimento físico e morfológico no futebol juvenil depende da idade, maturidade e cargas de treino. Compreender estas variações é fundamental para o planeamento do processo de treino.
Objectivo: Comparar a composição corporal e a aptidão física de jovens jogadores profissionais de futebol no Chile em diferentes categorias etárias.
Método: 223 jogadores de um clube profissional. A composição corporal foi avaliada através da massa gorda, da massa muscular e da soma de seis pregas cutâneas. O desempenho físico incluiu saltos com contramovimento, sprints de 10 e 30 metros, testes de mudança de direção, agachamentos com uma repetição, testes de ioiô com recuperação intermitente e capacidade de remate. Foi aplicada uma ANOVA univariada para comparar as variáveis entre as categorias.
Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças significativas em todas as variáveis (p < 0,05; ηp2 > 0,14). As análises post hoc mostraram que os jogadores mais velhos apresentaram maior massa muscular, menor massa gorda e melhor desempenho nos testes de força e resistência, enquanto as categorias mais jovens apresentaram valores mais baixos nestes indicadores.
Discussão: Os resultados confirmam que a maturação e o treino favorecem melhorias progressivas das capacidades físicas e morfológicas. A variabilidade entre categorias reforça a importância de considerar a idade e a maturação biológica.
Conclusões: A progressão física e morfológica é confirmada em jovens jogadores de futebol de acordo com a categoria, influenciada pela maturação e pelo treino. Salienta-se a necessidade de integrar fatores biológicos no planeamento para otimizar o desempenho e prevenir lesões.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Rodrigo Villaseca-Vicuña, Victor Medrano, Claudio Lobos , Cristobal Rojas Moya, John Cursach, David Faúndez Saavedra, Pablo Merino Muñoz, Guillermo Cortés-Roco, Brooklyn Brooklyn Campbell, Jorge Pérez Contreras
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