Efeitos do HIIT versus MICT na função cardiorrespiratória e metabólica em populações clínicas: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.116933Palavras-chave:
Treino intervalado de alta intensidade, treino contínuo de intensidade moderada, aptidão cardiorrespiratória, parâmetros metabólicosResumo
Introdução: O treino físico estruturado é uma ferramenta fundamental na prevenção das doenças cardiometabólicas. Dois métodos comuns, o HIIT (treino intervalado de alta intensidade) e o MICT (treino contínuo de intensidade moderada), demonstraram benefícios, mas a sua eficácia comparativa continua em discussão.
Objectivo: Comparar os efeitos do HIIT versus MICT no VO₂máx, pressão arterial e perfil lipídico em indivíduos com risco cardiovascular e metabólico, considerando a sua aplicabilidade a diversas populações clínicas.
Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa sistemática em cinco bases de dados. Foram incluídos oito ensaios clínicos randomizados (n = 242). Foram avaliados o risco de viés (RoB 2) e a certeza da evidência (GRADE). Foram aplicados modelos de efeitos fixos.
Resultados: O HIIT foi mais eficaz que o MICT em todas as variáveis. O VO₂máx melhorou em +1,57 ml/kg/min (IC 95%: 1,02–2,12; p < 0,001). A pressão arterial sistólica diminuiu em -4,30 mmHg e a pressão arterial diastólica em -2,60 mmHg. O perfil lipídico melhorou: colesterol total a -6,70 mg/dL, LDL a -6,60 mg/dL, triglicéridos a -8,70 mg/dL e HDL a +2,90 mg/dL. A heterogeneidade foi baixa (I²<35%) e a certeza da evidência foi elevada.
Conclusões: O HIIT é mais eficaz que o MICT na melhoria da saúde cardiovascular e metabólica, com efeitos consistentes nas diferentes idades e condições clínicas.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 David Ismael Ergas Schleef, Soraya Jadue Arriaza, Yoselyn Yudith Reyes Sanchez, Rocio Beatriz Bustos Barahona, Mauro Ernesto Tauda Tauda
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