Análise de componentes principais para estimar a posição de jogo no futebol juvenil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.118527Palavras-chave:
Futebol juvenil, índice de desempenho, posição de jogo, análise de componentes principaisResumo
Introdução: O futebol juvenil apresenta grandes desafios, especialmente no que se refere à identificação das capacidades predominantes que cada jogador deve possuir de acordo com a posição em que atua.
Objetivo: O objetivo desta investigação foi desenvolver um índice de desempenho integrado, por meio da análise de componentes principais, para diferenciar as posições de jogo em jogadores de futebol.
Metodologia: A pesquisa adotou uma abordagem metodológica quantitativa, de caráter não experimental e observacional. A amostra foi composta por 160 futebolistas do sexo masculino da categoria sub-20, pertencentes a clubes de formação da cidade de Santiago de Cali. Foram avaliados os saltos CMJ e SJ utilizando o dispositivo ADR Jumping. Além disso, por meio do uso de fotocélulas, foram realizados testes de sprint de 10, 20 e 30 metros, testes de mudança de direção e o teste de Illinois. Por fim, os testes de salto horizontal, RSA e VO₂máx foram estimados de forma indireta.
Resultados e Discussão: A análise de componentes principais identificou três componentes que explicaram 51,5% da variância do desempenho físico, destacando um eixo principal relacionado à velocidade e agilidade em oposição à resistência aeróbica e potência. Os índices derivados do PCA, especialmente o índice ponderado e o IIR, apresentaram elevada capacidade discriminativa entre as posições de jogo, com tamanhos de efeito muito elevados.
Conclusões: O PCA permitiu identificar eixos funcionais do desempenho físico e desenvolver um índice sensível às demandas posicionais do futebol juvenil.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Luis Felipe Melo Ipiales, Miguel Ángel Gómez García, Luis Adolfo Motato Rodriguez, Julian David Galeano Virgen, Javier Gaviria Chavarro
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