An inferential and contextual analysis of goal-scoring mechanisms in the 2023 AFC Asian Cup
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.118720Keywords:
AFC Asian cup 2023, contextual analysis, football performance analysis, goal-scoring mechanisms, open playAbstract
Introduction: the analysis of goal-scoring mechanisms is essential for understanding offensive performance in elite football. the 2023 continental tournament offered an appropriate competitive context for examining these patterns from an inferential and contextual perspective.
Objective: the objective of the study was to analyze goal-scoring mechanisms in the 2023 Asian cup of the Asian football confederation, focusing on mode of play, offensive actions, tournament phase, match timing, and their contextual relationships.
Methodology: a descriptive analytical design was employed. all goals scored during the tournament were examined through systematic observation using the Wyscout performance analysis platform. goals were classified according to open play and set-piece situations, finishing mechanisms, competitive phase, and time of scoring. inter-observer reliability procedures were applied, and univariate inferential statistical analyses were conducted.
Results: the findings indicated a significantly higher frequency of goals from open play compared with set-piece situations. clear structural differences were observed between the two modes of scoring, with set-piece goals concentrated in a limited number of actions. open-play goals showed an uneven distribution, with crosses and long-range shots contributing a higher proportion.
Discussion: these findings were aligned with previous studies emphasizing the dominance of open play, while also revealing greater dependence on set-piece actions during knockout phases and under increased competitive pressure.
Conclusions: the study showed that goal scoring in elite Asian football combined open-play predominance with context-driven tactical adjustments, offering practical implications for offensive training and match preparation.
References
Abdel Karim, A. K. E. (2021). An analytical study of goal-scoring variables in the 2018 FIFA World Cup matches in Russia. Journal of Scientific Research in Sports Sciences and Arts, 49, 1–16. Helwan University. https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1257261
Al-Johary, Y., Abdo, S., & Ibrahim, M. (2022). The contribution rate of some set pieces in match out-comes at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences Research, 2(2). https://osdj.journals.ekb.eg/article_258548_0aea1e00caf42390d751053ac755820c.pdf
Al-Sowayan, M. N. (2019). An analytical study of goal-scoring strategies in the Saudi Professional Foot-ball League. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.21608/ssj.2019.232852
Bakhit, A. D. M. (2023). An analytical study of goals scored in the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar. Journal of Sports Sciences and Physical Education Applications, 28(1), 196–221. https://doi.org/10.21608/sjph.2023.230977.1111
Clemente, F. M., Castillo, D., & Los Arcos, A. (2020). Tactical analysis according to age-level groups dur-ing a 4 vs. 4 plus goalkeepers small-sided game. International Journal of Environmental Re-search and Public Health, 17(5), 1667. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051667
Fernández-Cortés Tolosa, J. A., Cáceres Sánchez, L., Antunez Medina, A., García Rubio, J., & Ibáñez Godoy, S. J. (2022). Análisis de la influencia de las variables situacionales en el fútbol profesional (Anal-ysis of the influence of situational variables in professional soccer). Retos, 46, 114–119. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.91541
Daly, L., Caulfield, B., Malone, S., Warne, J., Martin, D., & Collins, K. (2025). Sprints, decelerations, and turns most commonly precede goals in soccer: Analysis of six FIFA World Cups. European Journal of Sport Science. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.70085
Díaz-Serradilla, E., Valiente, A., Rodríguez-Marroyo, J. A., Villa-Vicente, J. G., & Rodríguez-Fernández, A. (2023). Analysis of goal scoring patterns in elite female football players. Medicina dello Sport, 76(1), 32–43. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0025-7826.23.04183-2
Fauzi, M. S., Imran, K., & Mohamed, Z. (2023). Social network analysis and data visualization of football performance preceded to the goal scored. In S. F. Syed Omar, M. H. A. Hassan, A. Casson, A. God-frey, & A. P. P. Abdul Majeed (Eds.), Innovation and technology in sports (Lecture Notes in Bio-engineering, Vol. 102). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0297-2_6
Ferraz, M. (2025). Evaluación del rendimiento físico, técnico y táctico de jugadores de fútbol juveniles en partidos reducidos: Una revisión sistemática. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 51, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.110366
Ismail, M. M. A., Abdelal, A. I. Y., & Mousa, N. N. A. (2025). An analytical study of goal-scoring situations in the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022. Scientific Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 109(1), 156–175. https://search.mandumah.com/Record/1635130
Giulianotti, R. (1999). Football: A sociology of the global game. Polity Press. https://books.google.jo/books/about/Football.html?id=dO1vJEAv1KQC&redir_esc=y
González-Ródenas, J., Aranda-Malavés, R., Tudela-Desantes, A., Sanz-Ramírez, E., Crespo-Hervás, J., & Aranda-Malavés, R. (2020). Past, present and future of goal scoring analysis in professional soc-cer (Pasado, presente y futuro del análisis de goles en el fútbol profesional). Retos: Nuevas Ten-dencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 37, 774–785. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.69837
Kapsalis, M., Plakias, S., Kyranoudis, A., Zarkadoula, A., Lathoura, A., & Tsatalas, T. (2023). Exploring the impact of possession-based performance indicators on goal scoring in elite football leagues. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(8), Article 231, 2004–2015. https://www.efsupit.ro/images/stories/august2023/Art%20231.pdf
Kılınç, H. E., & Kaya, S. (2025). Comparative analysis of goals scored in UEFA club tournaments during the 2023–2024 season. Education Sciences and Sports, 19(2), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.70053/esas.1734794
Kubayi, A. (2020). Analysis of goal-scoring patterns in the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Journal of Human Ki-netics, 71, 205–210. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0084
Loutfi, I., Ignacio, L., Jordana, G., Ric, A., Milho, J., Passos, P., & Baca, A. (2023). Highlighting shooting opportunities in football. Sensors, 23(9), 4244. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094244
Martínez Sánchez, J. A., Solana Sánchez, A. M., & Núñez Sánchez, F. J. (2023). Ability to create goal op-portunities: influence of playing either at home or away, dimensions of the field and number of passes per attack cycle in an under-19 elite football team ability. Retos, 50, 244-253. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.93925
McGillick, C., Towlson, C., Barrett, S., & Toner, J. (2024). Performance analysis in sport and soccer: Past, present and future – Narrative review. Journal of Sports Research, 11(1), 19–41. https://doi.org/10.18488/90.v11i1.3915
Michailidis, Y., Nenos, I., Metaxas, I., Mandroukas, A., & Metaxas, T. (2023). Correlations of passes and playing formations with technical-tactical elements during the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 63(12), 1309–1316. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.23.15125-5
Mićović, B., Leontijević, B., Dopsaj, M., Janković, A., Milanović, Z., & Ramos, A. (2022). The Qatar 2022 World Cup warm-up: Football goal-scoring evolution in the last 14 FIFA World Cups (1966–2018). Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 954876. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.954876
Muriarte Solana, D., Gallardo Mármol, F., Grande Rodríguez, I., Barba Ruíz, M., Hernández Lougedo, J., & Martín-Castellanos, A. (2023). Comparison of goals scored from set pieces during the Eurocup and Copa América 2021. Apunts Educación Física y Deportes, 154, 95–107. https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2023/4).154.09
Ngatifah, H., & Irawan, F. A. (2025). Analysis of the defensive strategy of the Indonesia U-23 national team in the 2024 Asian Cup. Journal of SPORT (Sport, Physical Education, Organization, Recrea-tion, and Training), 9(2). https://doi.org/10.37058/sport.v9i2.14614
Santana, M. C., Silva, A. S. L., & Santos, I. A. (2025). Quantitative analysis of different aspects of goals in the 2023 Women’s World Cup. Revista Brasileira de Futsal e Futebol, 17(69), 631–639. https://www.rbff.com.br/index.php/rbff/article/view/1583
Sharabji, M. (2024). A proposed strategy to develop the performance of the Palestinian national foot-ball team in light of its participation in the 2023 AFC Asian Cup (Unpublished doctoral disserta-tion). An-Najah National University, Palestine.
Shorbaji, M. Y., Qadumi, A. A., & Abdelhaq, I. S. (2025). Analytical study of performance of players in the first Palestinian national soccer team in light of its participation in the 2023 Asian Cup. Interna-tional Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, 14(1), 110–127. https://doi.org/10.31559/EPS2025.14.1.8
Vantarakis, A., & Stafylidis, A. (2023). Attributes of crosses and their impact on goal scoring in soccer leagues. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(11), Article 352, 3084–3090. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2023.11352
Vergonis, A., Balasas, D., Michailidis, Y., & Metaxas, T. (2021). The significant role of scoring from set plays in the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 61(11), 1448–1453. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.20.11788-2
Zainuddin, Z. H., Adnan, M. A., Mohamed, M. N., & Annur, M. S. S. (2022). Association between the pattern of play and the outcome of matches during the 2015 Asian Football Confederation (AFC) ac-cording to ball possession. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(9), Article 254, 1999–2004. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2022.09254
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ismail Zakarneh, Ahmad Nassar, Mohammad Shorbaji, Ghaith Nasief

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.