Evaluating financial performance and stakeholder engagement in sport management: a multi-objective optimization approach

Authors

  • Mohammed Qusay Mohammed Jameel University of Baghdad
  • Zina Ibrahim Mahdi University of Baghdad
  • Thamer Hammad Rija Ministry of Education, General Directorate of Educational Planning

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.118971

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence, financial inclusion, multi-objective optimization, sports management, the conduct of officials

Abstract

Introduction. The sports industry is under increasing pressure to make it realistic for the sport to be financially sustainable and at the same time it needs to be highly engaging for its fans. The traditional management styles and systems are too rigid to adequately address the competing challenges in the current environment.

Purpose. This paper presents a multi-criteria optimization model, based on artificial intelligence, to evaluate the financial outcome and stakeholder satisfaction in sports management.

Method: An iterative procedure of visual inspections and mathematical analyses was employed. Analysis was conducted on information from various channels, such as the records of the fan campaigns and social media sentiment analysis, sponsorship contracts, and outside profiles. The model was implemented in Python and consists of two main objectives: maximizing net income and satisfying the stakeholders.

results. There are significant KPIs improvements according to the simulation. Scheduling ticket sale revenues demonstrated an potential increment about 15% with the dynamic pricing policy and conversion rate of fan enhanced 20% by promoting well. Sponsor’s return of investment exhibits to fall by 25%, while tourist behavior impacts positively by as much as 92%.

conversation. The results are in line with sports management studies on applications of AI, while extending the literature by showing that multi-objective management can pursue financial and relational objectives concurrently.

results. The suggested AI-driven optimization model equips sports bodies with a powerful instrument to guide decisions, and to assess and improve administrative and fan relational performance. In future, the model should be applied in practice to assess the validity of the suggested results.

References

Abutame, B., & Zaidalkilani, F. (2025). The influence of teaching experience on the effectiveness of fe-male teachers’ time management during Physical Education lessons in selected Palestinian schools. Retos, 70, 1558–1567. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.116931

Akhmatov, M., Shukurova, S., & Boymatov, K. (2025). Stakeholder Partnerships in AI-Driven Economic Models for Sports Management. SHS Web of Conferences, 216, 02001. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202521602001

An, S., Cheung, C. F., & Willoughby, K. W. (2024a). A gamification approach for enhancing older adults’ technology adoption and knowledge transfer: A case study in mobile payments technology. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 205, 123456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123456

An, S., Cheung, C. F., & Willoughby, K. W. (2024b). A gamification approach for enhancing older adults’ technology adoption and knowledge transfer: A case study in mobile payments technology. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 205, 123456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123456

Balasubramanian, S. (2023). Leveraging AI for Real-Time Data Analytics in Sports Entertainment. In-ternational Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management, 02(06), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.55041/ISJEM01228

Bittla, S. R. (2025). AI/ML-Driven Test Setup and Management. In AI-Driven Software Testing (pp. 211–246). Apress. https://doi.org/10.1007/979-8-8688-1829-5_9

Cheng, D., Wang, H., & Li, M. (2022). Construction of Sports Training Management Information System Using AI Action Recognition. Scientific Programming, 2022, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8393612

Ghorbani Asiabar, Dr. M., ghorbani asiabar, M., & ghorbani asiabar, A. (2025). Legal Dimensions of AI Contracts in Sports Talent Management: Challenges and Solutions. https://doi.org/10.14293/PR2199.001393.v1

Glebova, E., Su, Y., Desbordes, M., & Schut, P.-O. (2025). Editorial: Emerging digital technologies as a game changer in the sport industry. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1605138

Ivašković, I. (2024). Non-profit Sports Clubs in (Post)transitional Europe: A Sustainable Business Strategy, the Alternatives, and the Role of Stakeholders. Journal of East European Management Studies, 29(3), 516–539. https://doi.org/10.5771/0949-6181-2024-3-516

Jensen, J. A., & Cobbs, J. B. (2014). Predicting Return on Investment In Sport Sponsorship. Journal of Advertising Research, 54(4), 435–447. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-54-4-435-447

Kapoor, S. (2021). AI-Driven Decision Support Systems in Sports Project Management: Enhancing Stra-tegic Planning. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, and Machine Learning, 2, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.63282/3050-9262.IJAIDSML-V2I3P101

Kim, J. W., & Ford, V. (2025). An Introduction to the AI Special Issue and a Modern Framework for AI in Sport Management. Journal of Applied Sport Management, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.7290/jasm17LDQV

Krishnapatnam, M. (2025). Enhancing Healthcare Security with AI-Driven Identity and Access Man-agement. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 14(2), 835–838. https://doi.org/10.21275/SR25212205041

Md Soberi, A. B., Ilias, N. F., Sohaimi, M. S., Abu Bakar, N. A., Kasim, S. S., Adnan, R., Omar, M., & Ismail, H. (2026). Effect of exercise on endothelial function among non-communicable diseases adults with overweight or obese: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Retos, 75, 220–233. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.117395

Mezzadri, F. M., Pauli, D. R. de, Moretti de Souza, J. V., De Moura, G. X., Hirata, E., & Starepravo, F. A. (2025). Municipal sport management and governance in Brazil: an index for municipalities. Retos, 73, 496–509. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117385

Miragaia, D. A. M., Ferreira, J. J. M., & Vieira, C. T. (2024). Efficiency of Non-profit Organisations: a DEA Analysis in Support of Strategic Decision-Making. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(1), 3239–3265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01298-6

Nadweh, S., Hutaihit, M. A., Al-Attar, B., Essa, R. O., Ibrahim, A., Rashid, H., Hamzah, F. B., & Yahya, Z. (2025). Stability optimization of variable frequency drives using sliding mode control with lin-ear matrix inequalities for multi-agent systems. Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC), *6*(6), 3129–3146.

Nadweh, S., Al-Omari, F., Thannon, N. T., Tawfeq, J. F., Ibrahim, A., & Jaaz, Z. A. (2025). A reinforcement learning framework for intelligent detection of bad data in power system state estimation. In 2025 3rd International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR) (pp. 1–7). IEEE.

Nadweh, S., Abdulbaqi, A. S., Tawfeq, J. F., & Radhi, A. D. (2025). AI-powered smart cooling system for solar panels: Enhancing efficiency through weather forecasting and adaptive control. In 2025 3rd International Conference on Business Analytics for Technology and Security (ICBATS) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.

Pang, Y. (2025). Time-Series Forecasting in Sports: Using LSTM and GRU for Stadium Attendance Pre-diction. Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research, 111(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2025-0027

Pietraszewski, P., Terbalyan, A., Roczniok, R., Maszczyk, A., Ornowski, K., Manilewska, D., Kuliś, S., Zając, A., & Gołaś, A. (2025). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Sports Analytics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Performance Trends. Applied Sciences, 15(13), 7254. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15137254

Qionghai, D. (2025). AI plus sports and health: A new interdisciplinary journey. Intelligent Sports and Health, 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ish.2024.12.001

Sørheim, A. K., Sandgren, S. S., & Øvretveit, K. (2026). Dieting, disordered eating and perfectionism in weight-classified combat sports: a pilot study. Retos, 75, 773–781. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.117813

Stegmann, P., Nagel, S., & Ströbel, T. (2023a). The digital transformation of value co-creation: a scoping review towards an agenda for sport marketing research. European Sport Management Quar-terly, 23(4), 1221–1248. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2021.1976241

Stegmann, P., Nagel, S., & Ströbel, T. (2023b). The digital transformation of value co-creation: a scoping review towards an agenda for sport marketing research. European Sport Management Quar-terly, 23(4), 1221–1248. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2021.1976241

Su, Z., Ge, S., Li, L., & Su, Y. (2024). Review Study Of Integrating Ai Technology Into Sports Training Sys-tem. Review Study Of Integrating Ai Technology Into Sports Training System. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i5.1649

Trail, G. (2024). Providing a framework and guidelines for sport organizations to understand and pre-dict sport consumer behavior. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 25(2), 213–226. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-05-2023-0087

Wei Chit Chun. (2025). Educational Practice of AI Technology in Sports Training and Competition Data Visualization. Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management, 10(3), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i3.3745

Yulinar, Y., Ma’mun, A., Yudiana, Y., Nuryadi, N., Kurniawati, A., Razali, R., Amiruddin, A., & Syahria-nursaifi, S. (2026). Correlation analysis of teachers’ teaching skills and student sportsmanship in Physical Education. Retos, 77, 663–675. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118544

Zare, Z., Sifat, A. I., & Zadeh, A. (2025). Leveraging AI for sports fan engagement: Comparing traditional and transformer-based models. Intelligent Decision Technologies, 19(5), 2867–2878. https://doi.org/10.1177/18724981251364377

Downloads

Published

02-06-2026

Issue

Section

Original Research Article

How to Cite

Jameel, M. Q. M., Mahdi, Z. I., & Rija, T. H. (2026). Evaluating financial performance and stakeholder engagement in sport management: a multi-objective optimization approach. Retos, 79, 601-615. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.118971