Article RETRACTED due to malpractice Structural Analysis of the Influence of Empowerment and Leadership of SMK Physical Education Teachers on Engagement through Professional Commitment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.119446Keywords:
teacher empowerment; leadership; professional commitment; teacher engagement; physical education teachersAbstract
Introduction: Teacher engagement among Vocational High School (SMK) Physical Education teachers is important in implementing Physical Education and physical activity programs. Empowerment and leadership influence professional commitment and teachers’ work engagement.
Objective: This study analyzed the structural relationship between empowerment, leadership, professional commitment, and work engagement among SMK Physical Education teachers, as well as the mediating role of professional commitment.
Methodology: A quantitative approach using the PLS-SEM method was employed. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to SMK Physical Education teachers. The analysis evaluated direct and indirect effects among variables.
Results: Empowerment showed a positive and significant effect on professional commitment (β = 0.547), while leadership showed a weaker positive effect (β = 0.223). Professional commitment significantly influenced work engagement (β = 0.636). In addition, professional commitment mediated the relationship between empowerment and work engagement with an indirect effect of 0.348, while the mediating effect between leadership and work engagement was weaker (0.142). The model explained 34.9% of the variance in professional commitment and 40.5% in work engagement.
Conclusion: Empowerment played a more important role than leadership in strengthening professional commitment and work engagement among SMK Physical Education teachers. Furthermore, professional commitment acted as a key mediator in physical activity programs.
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